From:  Nutritional effects on mucosal integrity and immune function

The influence of specific AAs on intestinal permeability and immune function

AAsMechanism of immune optimization
GlutamineGlutamine maintains the structural integrity of intestinal tissue: enterocyte proliferation, optimization of growth factors such as EGF, IGF-I, and TGF-α, and induces expression of tight junction proteins
TrpServes as a precursor for serotonin, melatonin, and various metabolites in the KYN pathway: modulation of tight junction proteins, T-cell differentiation, the production of IL-17 and IL-22, the maintenance of ILC3 in the gut, and the antioxidant response
BCAAs: leucine, isoleucine, and valine Shown to influence intestinal development, tight junctions, nutrient transportation, cell migration, and barrier function: increased expression of β-defensin
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EGF: epidermal growth factor; IGF-I: insulin-like growth factor-I; TGF-α: transforming growth factor-α; ILC3: type 3 innate lymphoid cells; KYN: kynurenine