Editor's Picks

Open Access Review
Biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases: a broad overview
Degeneration and dysfunction of neurons in the brain are hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases. Over the past decades, significant efforts have been devoted to the development and validation of biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases. The range and diversity of biomarkers for central nervous system (CNS) diseases has continued to expand, encompassing biofluid-based sources such as blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), nucleic acids, tissues, and imaging. While imaging and tissue biopsy-based markers are continually being identified and their applications expanding, they do have limitations compared with RNA and protein biomarkers. This review comprehensively summarizes various biomarkers, including microRNA (miRNA), long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), circulating miRNA (cimiRNA), and proteins, in the context of CNS disorders. In addition, the review emphasizes the existing limitations and challenges associated with the use of biomarkers in both clinical practice and research on neurodegenerative diseases. In conclusion, this review provides an insightful overview of the identified biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases, underscoring the crucial role of biomarker research in combating these debilitating conditions. The article also highlights future challenges related to the implementation of novel biomarkers in clinical practice and trials, thereby contributing to the ongoing efforts to advance the understanding and management of neurodegenerative diseases.
Open Access Review
Advances in neuroprotective therapy for acute ischemic stroke
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is the leading cause of disability worldwide, and recanalization therapy is significant in the hyperacute phase of AIS. However, reperfusion injury and hemorrhagic transformation after recanalization predict poor prognosis of AIS. How to minimize reperfusion injury and hemorrhagic transformation, which greatly improves the prognosis of vascular recanalization, is becoming a hot topic in AIS research and an urgent problem to be solved. A wealth of neuroprotective drug studies is now available, while some of the neuroprotectants have met with failure in human studies. It is discussed in this review about the progress in neuroprotective therapy for AIS based on understanding the pathophysiologic mechanisms of reperfusion injury and hemorrhagic transformation, as well as challenges in exploring new neuroprotectants.
Open Access Review
Striking a balance: PIP2 and PIP3 signaling in neuronal health and disease
Phosphoinositides are membrane phospholipids involved in a variety of cellular processes like growth, development, metabolism, and transport. This review focuses on the maintenance of cellular homeostasis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). The critical balance of these PIPs is crucial for regulation of neuronal form and function. The activity of PIP2 and PIP3 can be regulated through kinases, phosphatases, phospholipases and cholesterol microdomains. PIP2 and PIP3 carry out their functions either indirectly through their effectors activating integral signaling pathways, or through direct regulation of membrane channels, transporters, and cytoskeletal proteins. Any perturbations to the balance between PIP2 and PIP3 signaling result in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. This review will discuss the upstream modulators and downstream effectors of the PIP2 and PIP3 signaling, in the context of neuronal health and disease.

Articles

Latest
Most Viewed
Most Downloaded
Most Cited
Open Access Original Article
Passive immunization against amyloid peptide restores pattern separation deficits in early stage of amyloid pathology but not in normal aging
Karin Herbeaux ... Céline Héraud
Published: June 16, 2025 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2025;5:1004108
85 5 0
Open Access Systematic Review
The effects of high-intensity training on walking speed and endurance in the subacute phase poststroke: a systematic review
Alejandro Ojeda-Manzano ... Alexandra Borstad
Published: May 22, 2025 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2025;5:1004106
348 12 0
Open Access Review
Neuroinflammation—the role of heteroreceptor complexes
Neelakanta Sarvashiva Kiran, Senthilkumar Rajagopal
Published: May 12, 2025 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2025;5:1004105
This article belongs to the special issue GPCR Heteroreceptor Complexes as Key Players in Neuroprotection
431 14 0
Open Access Review
Advancements in extracellular vesicle therapy for neurodegenerative diseases
Ningyun Hu ... Rong Ma
Published: May 06, 2025 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2025;5:1004104
563 14 0
Open Access Review
Balancing cholesterol in the brain: from synthesis to disposal
Lydia Qian ... Andrew J. Brown
Published: January 05, 2022 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2022;2:1–27
This article belongs to the special issue Cholesterol Dyshomeostasis in Neurological Diseases
14470 471 12
Open Access Review
Biomarkers in small fiber neuropathy
Amanda C. Y. Chan ... Joy Vijayan
Published: December 30, 2022 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2022;2:264–283
This article belongs to the special issue The Future of Biomarkers in CNS Diseases
12742 147 2
Open Access Review
Resolving a paradox: antidepressants, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration
Ravi Philip Rajkumar
Published: February 23, 2024 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2024;4:11–37
12553 109 2
Open Access Review
Pathophysiology of non-motor signs in Parkinson’s disease: some recent updating with brief presentation
Khaled Radad ... Wolf-Dieter Rausch
Published: February 27, 2023 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2023;3:24–46
12356 275 15
Open Access Review
Striking a balance: PIP2 and PIP3 signaling in neuronal health and disease
Kamran Tariq, Bryan W. Luikart
Published: October 29, 2021 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2021;1:86–110
This article belongs to the special issue Cholesterol Dyshomeostasis in Neurological Diseases
11109 337 34
Open Access Case Report
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy—a new hope for Alzheimer’s patients: a case report and literature review
Elizabeta B. Mukaetova-Ladinska ... Qadeer Arshad
Published: December 22, 2023 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2023;3:457–469
10513 96 1
Open Access Perspective
Gut microbiota could modulate the effects of neuro-immune responses and memory traces via the gut-brain-immune axis in schizophrenia
Haruka Sawamura ... Satoru Matsuda
Published: April 24, 2022 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2022;2:74–86
This article belongs to the special issue Intervention of Neuroimmune Responses
8571 2201 6
Open Access Review
Balancing cholesterol in the brain: from synthesis to disposal
Lydia Qian ... Andrew J. Brown
Published: January 05, 2022 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2022;2:1–27
This article belongs to the special issue Cholesterol Dyshomeostasis in Neurological Diseases
14470 471 12
Open Access Review
Striking a balance: PIP2 and PIP3 signaling in neuronal health and disease
Kamran Tariq, Bryan W. Luikart
Published: October 29, 2021 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2021;1:86–110
This article belongs to the special issue Cholesterol Dyshomeostasis in Neurological Diseases
11109 337 34
Open Access Review
Neurological complications during HIV infection
Jose M. Martinez-Navio
Published: August 05, 2021 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2021;1:19–32
8391 282 1
Open Access Review
Pathophysiology of non-motor signs in Parkinson’s disease: some recent updating with brief presentation
Khaled Radad ... Wolf-Dieter Rausch
Published: February 27, 2023 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2023;3:24–46
12356 275 15
Open Access Review
Biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases: a broad overview
Sathish Selvam, Velpandi Ayyavoo
Published: April 16, 2024 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2024;4:119–147
This article belongs to the special issue The Future of Biomarkers in CNS Diseases
9179 228 12
Open Access Review
Striking a balance: PIP2 and PIP3 signaling in neuronal health and disease
Kamran Tariq, Bryan W. Luikart
Published: October 29, 2021 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2021;1:86–110
This article belongs to the special issue Cholesterol Dyshomeostasis in Neurological Diseases
11109 337 34
Open Access Review
Blocking cholesterol storage to treat Alzheimer’s disease
Ta Yuan Chang ... James G. Gow
Published: December 30, 2021 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2021;1:173–184
This article belongs to the special issue Cholesterol Dyshomeostasis in Neurological Diseases
4991 112 19
Open Access Review
Advancing diagnosis and treatment of Niemann-Pick C disease through biomarker discovery
Xuntian Jiang, Daniel S. Ory
Published: December 30, 2021 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2021;1:146–158
This article belongs to the special issue Cholesterol Dyshomeostasis in Neurological Diseases
4279 101 17
Open Access Review
Subarachnoid hemorrhage: management considerations for COVID-19
Eric J. Panther, Brandon Lucke-Wold
Published: March 02, 2022 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2022;2:65–73
This article belongs to the special issue Emerging Concepts in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
6051 68 15
Open Access Review
Pathophysiology of non-motor signs in Parkinson’s disease: some recent updating with brief presentation
Khaled Radad ... Wolf-Dieter Rausch
Published: February 27, 2023 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2023;3:24–46
12356 275 15
Open Access Review
Balancing cholesterol in the brain: from synthesis to disposal
Lydia Qian ... Andrew J. Brown
Published: January 05, 2022 Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2022;2:1–27
This article belongs to the special issue Cholesterol Dyshomeostasis in Neurological Diseases
14470 471 12

Special Issues

Ongoing Special lssues
Completed Special lssues
Breakthroughs in Mechanisms and Treatments for Neurodegenerative Diseases
Dr. Rong Ma Dr. Guoku Hu
September 30, 2025
Published Articles: 1
Advances in the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Dr. Michele Roccella Dr. Luigi Vetri
September 30, 2025
Published Articles: 2
Interdisciplinary Approach to Therapeutic Strategies of Neuroprotection in Present and Future
Prof. Athanasios K. Petridis
October 05, 2025
Published Articles: 1
GPCR Heteroreceptor Complexes as Key Players in Neuroprotection
Dr. Dasiel O. Borroto Escuela
August 31, 2025
Published Articles: 5
Defending the Brain and the Mind: Exploring Neuroprotective Therapies for Mental Health Disorders
Dr. Masaru Tanaka
September 30, 2025
Published Articles: 2
Neuro-Inflammation as a Target in the Design of Multifunctional Drug Candidates for Neurodegenerative Diseases
Prof. Claudio Viegas Jr. Prof. Arthur Eugen Kümmerle Prof. Vanessa Silva Gontijo
September 30, 2025
Published Articles: 2
Therapeutic Targets for Neuroprotection in Ischemic Stroke
Dr. Silvia Fischer
August 31, 2025
Published Articles: 4
Empower Yourself - Physical Activity as Prevention and Rehabilitation of Neurological and Psychiatric Diseases
Dr. Manuel Zeitelhofer
September 30, 2025
Published Articles: 2
Natural Products in Neurotherapeutic Applications
Prof. Marcello Iriti
September 30, 2025
Published Articles: 2
Role of the Monoaminergic Systems in the Pathogenesis and the Pathophysiology of Parkinson's Disease
Dr. Abdelhamid Benazzouz
August 30, 2025
Published Articles: 3
Parkinson's Disease: Principal Targets and Interventional Mechanisms
Prof. Mahesh Narayan
August 30, 2025
Published Articles: 4

Focus

Emerging Indications for Botulinum Toxin Treatment
Prof. Lucio Marinelli
Jul. 14, 2023 2196

Membership

Journal Indexing
Journal Metrics
Speed 2025

From Submission to Acceptance: 90 days

From Acceptance to Publication: 21 days

Article Usage (total)

Views: 437,385

Downloads: 11,064

Acceptance Rate

19.59%; 2024

31.58%; 2023

36.96%; 2022

Follow the Journal