List of viral proteins inferring with chemokine-cytokine response
| Viral protein | Target | Effect | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| ICP34.5 or γ134.5 | Inhibits eIF2α | Continued translation in HSV | He et al. [81] 1997 |
| Binds to STING | Blocks STING’s transport from ER to Golgi, thereby induces IFN production | Christensen et al. [86] 2016 | |
| Us11 | Quenches dsRNA and binds PKR | Inhibits PKR-induced arrest of protein translation | Peters et al. [82] 2002Poppers et al. [83] 2000 |
| ICP27 | Binds TBK-STING | Prevents IRF3 activation and thereby IFN production | Christensen et al. [86] 2016 |
| IκBα | Reduced cytokine production | Kim et al. [108] 2008 | |
| Suppresses IFN-induced STAT-1 phosphorylation | Dampen IFN signaling | Johnson et al. [95] 2008Mogensen et al. [96] 2004 | |
| ICP0 | Interferes with IRF3 and IRF7 | Inhibits IFN-α/β mediated ISG expression | Mossman and Smiley [89] 2002Mossman et al. [90] 2000Shahnazaryan et al. [91] 2020Härle et al. [92] 2002Paladino et al. [93] 2010 |
| Binds MyD88, Mal | Interferes with IL-6 production | van Lint et al. [105] 2010 | |
| UsP7 induced by ICP0 | Deubquitinated TRAF6, IKKγ | Reduced cytokine production | Daubeuf et al. [106] 2009 |
| Vhs | Inhibits JAK-STAT pathway | Reduced IFN-1 production | Lin et al. [109] 2010 |
ICP34.5: infected cell protein 34.5; eIF2α: alpha subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2; HSV: herpes simplex virus; STING: stimulator of interferon genes; IFN: interferon; dsRNA: double stranded RNA; PKR: dsRNA-dependent protein kinase; IRF3: IFN-regulatory factor 3; TBK: TANK-binding kinase; IκBα: inhibitor of kappa B alpha; STAT-1: signal transducer and activator of transcription-1; ISG: IFN stimulated gene; MyD88: myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88; Mal: MyD88 adapter like; IL-6: interleukin-6; TRAF6: tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6; IKKγ: IκB kinase γ; Vhs: virion host shutoff; JAK: Janus kinase; ER: endoplasmic reticulum