From:  A new therapeutic pathway in autoimmune diseases: chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) targeting specific cell subtypes or antigen-specific B lymphocytes—a brief review

Examples of AIDs with research evaluating potential application of CAR technology as a therapeutic option

DiseaseCAR target antigensResearch phase/Clinical phaseExamples of products
(Name of drugs)		References
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)CD19, BCMAClinical phaseDescartes-08; SC291; SCRI-CAR19v3; YTB323; CABA-201; CC-97540; KYV-101; MB-CART19.1; BRL-301; ATHENA CAR-T; RJMty19; CD19 Universal CAR-γδ T; Relma-cel; RD06-04 Cells; CNCT19 cell; ATA3219; ADI-001; PRG-1801; FKC288; IMPT-514; LMY-920; PRG-2311; GC012F injection; UTAA09; C-CAR168[53–67]
Anti-synthetase syndrome (ASS)CD19Case reportsCABA-201[31, 40, 68–71]
Multiple sclerosis (MS)CD19, CD20Preclinical phase; clinical phaseKYV-101; CC-97540; CT103A; C-CAR168[71–74]
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)CD19, CD20Preclinical phaseKYV101; BRL-301[55, 71, 75]
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) and sclerodermaCD19#, CD20, BCMACase reports; preclinical/clinical phaseCC-97540; MB-CART19.1; BRL-301; KYV-101; CABA-201; Relma-cel; RD06-04 Cells; UTAA09[41, 55, 61–63, 71, 75]
ANCA-associated vasculitisCD19Case reportsSC291; BRL-301; RD06-04 Cells; PRG-1801[54, 61, 76]
Myositis (dermatomyositis)CD19#Clinical phaseMB-CART19.1; CABA-201; KYV-101[40, 41, 71, 75]
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathyCD19Clinical phaseCABA-201; CC-97540; MB-CART19.1; BRL-301; RD06-04 Cells; C-CAR168[41, 61–63, 77]
Myasthenia gravis (MG)BCMA, CD19, Musk-CAARClinical phaseDescartes-08; CABA-201; CT103A; C-CAR168; MuSK-CAART[60, 71, 73, 78–80]
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD)BCMA, CD19, CD20Clinical phaseCT103A; C-CAR168; anti-CD19/CD20 CAR-T[44, 59, 73]
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AHAI)CD19Clinical phaseCNCT19 CAR-T; ThisCART19A[75, 81]
Diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM-T1)CAR-TregPreclinical phaseGNTI-122[71, 82, 83]
Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s disease)CAR-TregPreclinical phaseIL23R-Specific CAR Tregs; FliC-CAR Tregs[84–86]
Sjögren’s syndromeBCMA, CD19Preclinical phase; clinical phaseBRL-301; RD06-04 Cells; UTAA09[55, 61, 71, 75]
Pemphigus vulgaris (PV)DSG3-CAAR*, DSG3-CAARClinical phaseDSG3-CAART; CABA-201[71, 87–89]
Anti-NMDAR autoimmune encephalitisNMDAR-CAAR*, NMDAR-CAARPreclinical phaseNMDAR-CAAR[89–91]
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* CAAR-T, depletion of antigen-specific B lymphocytes. # Including tests with T lymphocytes from an allogeneic (not autologous) source [41]. AIDs: autoimmune diseases; BCMA: B-cell maturation antigen; CAAR: chimeric autoantibody receptor; CAR: chimeric antigen receptor; Treg: regulatory T cell