From:  Impact of sucrose consumption on inflammatory and immunological parameters in newborn offspring of females mice with gestational diabetes mellitus

 Anthropometric and hormonal variables in newborn offspring of females with and without GDM and sucrose consumption

VariablesGroup AGroup BGroup CGroup DP value
Mean ± SD
n = 8
Mean ± SD
n = 8
Mean ± SD
n = 8
Mean ± SD
n = 8
Body weight (g)1.75 ± 0.161.70 ± 0.131.53 ± 0.10a1.67 ± 0.13< 0.050
Glycaemia (mg/dL)79.2 ± 684.6 ± 591 ± 8108.6 ± 12a< 0.001
Insulin (pg/mL)0.609 ± 0.160.682 ± 0.050.652 ± 0.070.624 ± 0.070.488
HOMA-IR index0.751 ± 0.050.801 ± 0.050.861 ± 0.081.02 ± 0.12a< 0.001
Leptin (pg/mL)163 ± 11220 ± 8.5157 ± 20128 ± 24< 0.001
Adiponectin (µg/mL)166 ± 19208 ± 8.1a200 ± 26163 ± 10< 0.001

The values represent the mean ± standard deviation of body weight, glycaemia, insulin, leptin, adiponectin and HOMA index (homeostatic model assessment) at birth. Twenty-four CD1 female mice were used to obtain the offspring (n = 6 per group). To process the samples from the offspring, groups of 8 newborns were created. Group A = without GDM and without sucrose supplementation, Group B = without GDM with sucrose supplementation, Group C = with GDM without sucrose supplementation, and Group D = with GDM and sucrose supplementation. The one-way ANOVA test was performed to compare the means between groups, with Tukey’s post hoc test to identify intergroup differences. a Significant difference by Tukey’s test with group A. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant