Induction of tolerance by the immune and other cells present in human testis
| Cells | Special characteristics facilitating tolerance |
|---|---|
| Macrophages | M2 alternatively activated, production of IL-10 |
| Dendritic cells | Low expression of MHC II, co-stimulatory molecules (CD80, CD86) and CCR7 |
| Suppressor T cells (CD8+) | Suppress immune response |
| Treg cells (CD4+/Foxp3+) | Inhibit antigen-specific T cell responses |
| Sertoli cells | Production of immunosuppressive galectin-1, activin A and anti-inflammatory cytokines |
| Peritubular cells | Production of immunosuppressive activin A and expression of TLR |
| Leydig cells | Produce MIF and testosterone that have immunosuppressive properties |
TLR: Toll-like receptors; MIF: migration inhibiting factor