Exploration of Immunology

Table 1

The underlying mechanism of several NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors

Sr no.	NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor	Models	Molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 activation	References
1	JC-124	TgCRND8 mice	Inhibited activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and reduced Aβ sedimentation and soluble and insoluble Aβ1–42 level	[96]
2	NSAIDs	3×TgAD transgenic mice	Inhibited the release of IL-1β, inhibited cognitive impairment	[51]
3	MCC950	APP/PS1 mice	Inhibited the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and microglia, inhibited CASP1 activation and IL-1β release, reduced the accumulation of Aβ	[97]
4	Dl-NBP	APP/PS1 mice	Inhibited the expression of Nrf2, and the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome	[98]
5	Artemisinin	APPswe/PS-1dE9 transgenic mice	Reduced the activation of NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammatory corpuscles, and the Aβ deposition	[99]
6	DHM	APP/PS1 mice	Down-regulated the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components NLRP3, ASC and CASP1 and reduced the release of IL-1β	[81]
7	EVOO	TgSwDI mice	Inhibited NACHT, LRR and PYD NLRP3 inflammasome	[100]
8	CS	APP/PS1 mice	Reduced Aβ deposition and microglia, inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation and restored synaptic membrane formation, and improved cognitive deficits	[101]
9	Edaravone	Aβ₁₋₄₂ activated BV-2 microglia	Attenuated the depolarization of Δψm, reduced the production of ROS, and increased the activity of SOD-2, inhibited IL-1β secretion	[102]
10	BITC	LPS-induced BV2 microglia	Inhibited the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes, and reduced pro-inflammatory mediator levels, including mtROS and ATP secretion	[103]
11	Pterostilbene	Aβ_1–42-induced BV-2 cells	Reduced the expression and secretion levels of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α	[104]
12	Stavudine	THP-1-derived macrophages were stimulated with Aβ42 or with Aβ42 after LPS-priming	Reduced the assembly of NLRP3 and the production of IL-18 and CASP1	[105]
13	VX-765	J20 mice	Prevented progressive Aβ peptide deposition, reversed brain inflammation, and normalized hippocampal synaptophysin levels	[106]
14	GRg3	Intracerebral LPS injection in SD rats	Reduced LPS-induced cognitive impairment by inhibiting the expression of proinflammatory mediators in the hippocampus	[107]

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NSAIDs: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; Dl-NBP: Dl-3-n-butylphthalide; DHM: dihydromyricetin; EVOO: extra virgin olive oil; CS: choline supplementation; BITC: benzyl isothiocyanate; GRg3: Ginsenoside Rg3; SOD-2: superoxide dismutase-2; TNF-α: tumour necrosis factor alpha