Most frequent viruses causing respiratory tract infections
| Virus | Sub-types | Effect on cGAS-STING and host defense |
|---|---|---|
| Adenovirus | 55 serotypes | Inhibited by viral proteins activated when bound to antibodies |
| Bocavirus | 1 serotype | No direct effect reported inhibited TNF-α, NFκB, IFN-β |
| Coronavirus | α (NL63, 229E)β (HKU1, MERS, SARS) | Cell type specific epithelium: inhibited STING, IRF3 T-/B-cells: activated cGAS via cGAMP |
| Influenzavirus | A (H1–3, N1–2), B, C | Activated cGAS, STING, IFN-β |
| Metapneumovirus | A, B | No report |
| Parainfluenzavirus | 4 serotypes | Activated STING |
| Rhinovirus | A, B, C (> 100 serotypes) | Activated cGAS, STING, IFN-β |
| RSV | A, B | Activated cAMP, IFN-β |
TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha; MERS: Middle East respiratory syndrome; cAMP: cyclic adenosine monophosphate