Exploration of Neuroprotective Therapy

Pathology	SCFA	Effect	Reference
MS	↓ Propionate in stool and serum	Reduced Treg number, metabolism, and function. Increased Th17 number.	[14, 19]
↓ Propionate in faeces and acetate in plasma	Reduced SCFA promotes an inflammatory phenotype in gut mucosal T cells.	[9, 15]
AD	↓ Butyrate	AD patients with brain amyloid accumulation and endothelial dysfunction had decreased blood butyrate.	[20, 21]
↓ Butyrate	In faeces and brain of APP/PS1 AD mice model. Butyrate can hinder the oligomerization of amyloid-β 1-40.	[22, 23]
PD	↓ SCFA in faeces	Significant decline of butyrate, acetate, and propionate in faecal of PD individuals compared to controls.	[18, 24]
↓ Acetate ↑ Butyrate and propionate in faeces	Microbiota-derived SCFA regulates motor deficits and neuroinflammation in mouse models.	[17]

Pathology

SCFA

Effect

Reference

↓ Propionate in stool and serum

Reduced Treg number, metabolism, and function. Increased Th17 number.

↓ Propionate in faeces and acetate in plasma

Reduced SCFA promotes an inflammatory phenotype in gut mucosal T cells.

[9, 15]

↓ Butyrate

AD patients with brain amyloid accumulation and endothelial dysfunction had decreased blood butyrate.

↓ Butyrate

In faeces and brain of APP/PS1 AD mice model. Butyrate can hinder the oligomerization of amyloid-β 1-40.

↓ SCFA in faeces

Significant decline of butyrate, acetate, and propionate in faecal of PD individuals compared to controls.

↓ Acetate

↑ Butyrate and propionate in faeces

Microbiota-derived SCFA regulates motor deficits and neuroinflammation in mouse models.