Final analytic model of pain interference using two-part regression modeling
| Variables within hierarchical models | First part—logistic regression(n = 701)Any pain interference (binary) | Second part—OLS regression(n = 459)Magnitude of pain interference | Overall model stats | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | SE | 95% CI | P | Pseudo R2 | b | SE | 95% CI | P | R2 | AIC | LR test | |
| Base covariates | < 0.0001 | 0.222 | < 0.0001 | 0.183 | 3,751 | Base | ||||||
| Age | 1.02 | 0.01 | 1.00–1.04 | 0.02 | –0.10 | 0.03 | –0.16––0.05 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Gender (ref. female) | ||||||||||||
| Male | 0.65 | 0.18 | 0.38–1.11 | 0.12 | 1.09 | 0.93 | –0.74–2.92 | 0.24 | ||||
| Transgender, non-binary, gender non-conforming, or other | 1.21 | 0.88 | 0.29–5.06 | 0.80 | –2.12 | 1.91 | –5.86–1.63 | 0.27 | ||||
| Education (ref. ≤ HS) | ||||||||||||
| Associates degree or some college | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.03–0.65 | 0.01 | –0.86 | 1.23 | –3.27–1.55 | 0.47 | ||||
| Bachelor’s degree | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.02–0.44 | < 0.01 | –2.88 | 1.22 | –5.26––0.50 | 0.02 | ||||
| Master’s degree or above | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.02–0.40 | < 0.01 | –3.43 | 1.23 | –5.83––1.03 | < 0.01 | ||||
| MS subtype (ref. RRMS) | ||||||||||||
| PPMS | 1.44 | 0.69 | 0.57–3.67 | 0.44 | 0.33 | 1.37 | –2.37–3.02 | 0.81 | ||||
| SPMS | 1.57 | 0.54 | 0.81–3.07 | 0.18 | 2.58 | 0.91 | 0.80–4.36 | < 0.01 | ||||
| PRMS | 1.35 | 1.29 | 0.21–8.8 | 0.75 | 5.71 | 2.36 | 1.08–10.35 | < 0.02 | ||||
| Unsure | 1.13 | 0.63 | 0.38–3.35 | 0.82 | 2.81 | 1.70 | –0.52–6.14 | 0.10 | ||||
| DMT (ref. no therapy) | ||||||||||||
| First line | 1.49 | 0.43 | 0.85–2.61 | 0.17 | –0.63 | 0.91 | –2.39–1.14 | 0.49 | ||||
| Second line | 2.22 | 0.65 | 1.25–3.95 | < 0.01 | –1.32 | 0.86 | –3.01–0.38 | 0.13 | ||||
| Pain med count | 2.31 | 0.23 | 1.90–2.80 | < 0.001 | 1.02 | 0.24 | 0.56–1.48 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Childhood stressors | < 0.0001 | 0.245 | < 0.0001 | 0.215 | 3,719 | < 0.0001 | ||||||
| Child stressor count | 1.19 | 0.22 | 0.83–1.71 | 0.34 | –0.58 | 0.54 | –1.63–0.47 | 0.28 | ||||
| Child stressor severity | 0.99 | 0.04 | 0.91–1.07 | 0.73 | 0.14 | 0.12 | –0.10–0.38 | 0.24 | ||||
| Adult stressors | < 0.0001 | 0.258 | < 0.0001 | 0.267 | 3,685 | < 0.0001 | ||||||
| Adult stressor count | 1.04 | 0.02 | 1.00–1.08 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.05 | –0.04–0.16 | 0.24 | ||||
| Adult stressor severity | 1.00 | 0.01 | 0.98–1.02 | 0.92 | 0.04 | 0.02 | –0.01–0.08 | 0.10 | ||||
≤ HS: high school equivalency or below; PPMS: primary progressive MS; PRMS: progressive-relapsing MS; ref.: reference; SPMS: secondary progressive MS. Blank cells indicate not applicable to individual variables