Exploration of Neuroscience

Characteristic	Low TSPO expression (grades I–II)	High TSPO expression (grades III–IV)	Reference
Cell proliferation	Low proliferation rates, slower tumor growth.	High proliferation rates and rapid tumor growth.	[51]
Apoptosis	Increased apoptosis, less aggressive behavior.	Reduced apoptosis and enhanced tumor survival.	[68]
Invasion potential	Low invasiveness and well-defined tumor margins.	Higher invasive capabilities and infiltrative tumor spread.	[69]
Inflammation response	Mild inflammatory response, less immune evasion.	Strong pro-inflammatory environment, immune system suppression.	[70]
Chemo-resistance	More susceptible to therapy.	Increased drug resistance and poor prognosis.	[68]

Characteristic

Low TSPO expression
(grades I–II)

High TSPO expression
(grades III–IV)

Reference

Cell proliferation

Low proliferation rates, slower tumor growth.

High proliferation rates and rapid tumor growth.

Apoptosis

Increased apoptosis, less aggressive behavior.

Reduced apoptosis and enhanced tumor survival.