Exploration of Neuroscience

Table 1

Various in vitro and in vivo studies of formononetin might ameliorate Alzheimer’s disease

Sr. no	Model	Dose	Effect	Reference
1.	HBEMC cell model	1–20 µM	Decreased the VCAM and ICAM Decreased the percentage of NF-κB Increased the Nrf-2 level Ameliorated the adhesion of THP-1 protein	[20]
2.	APP/PS1 mouse model	10 mg/kg	Increased swimming length Decreased latency and APP synthesis Increased the production of Aβ Increased LRP1 and ApoJ levels Decreased RAGE and NF-κB p65 Increased IL-6 and TNF-α level Decreased mRNA and protein levels	[21]
3.	Cell culture model	0.1–100 µM	Increased living cell Decreased the cell death rate, LDH release, and caspase-3 activity Increased cell viability in the cell culture and the level of sAβPPα Increased α-secretase Increased levels of ADAM10 in cells N2a-AβPP cells were treated and increased both ADAM10 and mRNA level	[22]

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VCAM: vascular cell adhesion molecule; ICAM: intercellular adhesion molecule; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa B; Nrf-2: nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; APP: amyloid precursor protein; Aβ: amyloid-beta; RAGE: receptor for advanced glycation end products; IL: interleukin; TNF: tumor necrosis factor