Use of omalizumab as adjuvant therapy in VIT
| Reference | Study type | Allergen | VIT protocol | Omalizumab dose (mg) | Timing of omalizumab administration | Patients | Main results/aims | Adverse events during omalizumab + VIT |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wedi et al. [21], 2007 | Case report | Honeybee | Ultra-rush | 150 | One-time dose | 1 | VIT tolerance achieved after a single dose, even after the end of treatment | Absent |
| Schulze et al. [22], 2007 | Case report | Honeybee | Ultra-rush | 300 | One-time dose | 1 | VIT tolerance achieved after a single dose, even after the end of treatment | N.A. |
| Soriano Gomis et al. [20], 2008 | Case report | Honeybee | Ultra-rush | 300 | Every 28 days | 1 | Failure to achieve VIT tolerance | Patients showed anaphylaxis during the build-up phase |
| Averbeck et al. [23], 2008 | Case report | Vespula | Ultra-rush | 300 | Every 28 days | 1 | VIT tolerance achieved after a single dose, even after the end of treatment | Absent |
| Rerinck et al. [24], 2008 | Case report | Honeybee | N.A. | 150 | 2 doses at 14-days-interval before ultra-rush, then every 28–42 days | 1 | VIT tolerance achieved after a single dose, even after the end of treatment | Absent |
| Galera et al. [25], 2009 | Case report | Honeybee | Rush | 150 | Every 14 days | 1 | After lowering to 75 mg, anaphylaxis occurred, but 150 mg showed no more adverse reactions | Absent |
| Kontou-Fili and Filis [26], 2009 | Case report | Honeybee | Modified rush | 300 | Every 28 days | 1 | VIT tolerance achieved; anaphylaxis following decreased attempt | Absent |
| González-Pérez et al. [27], 2010 | Case report | Honeybee | N.A. | 300 | N.A. | 1 | VIT tolerance achieved; anaphylactic reaction followed omalizumab discontinuation | Absent |
| Palgan et al. [28], 2014 | Case report | Vespula | Rush | 150 | Every 28 days | 1 | VIT tolerance achieved | Absent |
| da Silva et al. [29], 2013 | Case report | Honeybee | Ultra-rush | 300 | Every 28 days | 1 | VIT tolerance achieved, even after the end of treatment | Absent |
| Boni et al. [30], 2016 | Case report | Honeybee | Rush | 450 | Every 28 days | 1 | VIT tolerance achieved | Absent |
| Stretz et al. [31], 2017 | Case series | Honeybee and Vespula | Rush and ultra-rush | According to total IgE and body weight | Every 28 days | 10 | VIT tolerance achieved, even after the end of treatment | Absent |
| Toldrá et al. [32], 2017 | Case report | Honeybee | Rush | 300 | Every 14 days | 1 | VIT tolerance achieved; anaphylaxis after discontinuation attempt | Absent |
| Lourenço et al. [33], 2017 | Case report | Honeybee | Ultra-rush | 300 | Every 14 days | 1 | VIT tolerance achieved | Absent |
| Lopes et al. [34], 2017 | Case report | Honeybee | N.A. | 450 or 300 | Every 28 days | 3 | VIT tolerance achieved | Absent |
| Yilmaz et al. [35], 2018 | Case report | Honeybee | Conventional | 150 | Every 14 days | 1 | VIT discontinuation | Facial erythema |
| Droitcourt et al. [36], 2019 | Case report | Honeybee or Vespula | Rush | According to total IgE and body weight | Every 14 days | 3 | VIT tolerance achieved, even after the end of treatment | Absent |
| Gülsen [37], 2021 | Case report | Honeybee | Rush | 150 | 5 weeks, 3 weeks, and 1 week prior to re-start of immunotherapy and for 2 months in parallel to VIT | 1 | Omalizumab is useful as a premedication in patients with mastocytosis who do not tolerate VIT | Absent |
| Çetin et al. [38], 2022 | Retrospective study | Honeybee and Vespula | Rush and ultra-rush | 150 | Every 14 days | 72 (total) 2 (VIT + omalizumab) | Omalizumab use as an add-on in OIT results in a strong premedication effect but not an immunomodulatory effect on VIT | Absent |
N.A.: not applicable; OIT: oral immunotherapy