From:  Revisiting immunotherapeutic strategies for the management of atopic dermatitis
 

AIT studies in AD

Study typeAllergenTreatment durationNumber of patients enrolledComplementary medicationRouteGlobal endpoints achievedAdverse reactions reportedReferences
Open-label, controlled, randomized trialHDM12 months60Moisturisers, topical and systemic drugsSLSignificant increase of allergen-specific Ig4Oropharyngeal itching, localized lip swelling[170]
Randomized controlled trialHDM36 months440Topical glucocorticoids, skin moisturizers, oral antihistaminesSLSignificant improvement of SCORADLip swelling, numbness, pruritus[171]
Randomized controlled trialHDM6 months14Moisturizers, antihistamine and mild-potency anti-inflammatory topical treatmentsSLSignificant improvement of SCORAD and TEWLNot available[172]
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trialHDM18 months66Topical corticosteroids, topical immunosuppressors, and systemic immunosuppressantsSLSignificant improvement of SCORADVomiting, abdominal pain, aphthous ulcer, alopecia, dyspnea[173]
Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trialHDM12 months37Oral antihistamines, topical medicationsSCSignificant improvement of EASIMild local reaction, transient urticaria[174]
Multi-centre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studyHDM36 weeks239Mometasone furoate cream, levocetirizine hydrochloride tablets, mupirocin ointment, clarithromycin tabletsSLSignificant improvement of SCORAD and SLASwelling in tough and lips, throat pain, diarrhoea, itching, numb in mouth[175]
Randomized controlled studyHDM24 months96Oral levocetirizine hydrochloride tablets, topical fluticasoneSLSignificant reduction of SCORADTransient oral itching, gastrointestinal discomfort[176]
Randomized controlled studyHDM12 months107Oral antihistamines and topical medicationsSLSignificant increase of serum-specific IgG4 levelTransient oral itching, gastrointestinal discomfort[177]
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studyHDM18 months56Short term use (3 days) of topical fluticasone propionate and/or oral hydroxyzineSLSignificant reduction of SCORAD in mild-moderate patientsTiredness, oral itching, headache, mouth, lips, and face swelling[178]
Observational studyHDM; cat/dog dander2–58 months19Topical treatment and/or oral antihistaminesSLSignificant improvement of IGA and EASINot available[179]
Multi-centre randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel group trialHDM18 months168Topical and (as necessary) systemic medicationSCSignificant reduction of SCORAD in severe AD patientsFlare-ups of eczematous and urticarial lesions, symptoms of rhinitis, pruritus, transient headache, and asthma[180]
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AD: atopic dermatitis; AIT: allergen immunotherapy; EASI: eczema area and severity index; HDM: house dust mite; IGA: investigator global assessment; SC: subcutaneous; SL: sublingual; SLA: skin lesion area; SCORAD: scoring atopic dermatitis; TEWL: transepithelial water loss