Exploration of Digital Health Technologies

Table 1. Tweet counts, organized by timing, slant, and type. The chi-squared test evaluates whether the proportion of tweets differs pre-ban and post-ban for each slant, category, and theme

Information	Total n (%)	Pre-ban	Post-ban	χ² (df), adjusted p
Slant
Anti	2,611 (67.89)	1,423	1,188	50.37 (1), < 0.001
Neutral	1,128 (29.33)	469	659	50.85 (1), < 0.001
Pro	107 (2.78)	52	55	0.10 (1), 0.796
Category
Advice-seeking	120 (3.12)	28	92	35.58 (1), < 0.001
Informative	939 (24.41)	441	498	6.19 (1), 0.018
Jokes/ridicule	72 (1.87)	40	32	0.55 (1), 0.511
Personal account/experiences	969 (25.20)	592	377	57.09 (1), < 0.001
Personal opinions	1,084 (28.19)	464	620	35.76 (1), < 0.001
Other	662 (17.21)	379	283	14.06 (1), < 0.001
Theme
Accepting self-harm	6 (0.16)	5	1	1.44 (1), 0.271
Calling out wrongdoings	488 (12.69)	355	133	109.18 (1), < 0.001
Comparisons	153 (3.98)	108	45	24.78 (1), < 0.001
Feedback on media portrayal	133 (3.46)	75	58	1.65 (1), 0.249
Political	637 (16.56)	400	237	45.23 (1), < 0.001
Reasons for self-harm	168 (4.37)	133	35	56.38 (1), < 0.001
Repercussions of self-harm	12 (0.31)	3	9	2.20 (1), 0.184
Self-harm resources	106 (2.76)	80	26	26.08 (1), < 0.001
Self-harm terms	48 (1.25)	24	24	0 (1), 1
Support	514 (13.36)	298	216	12.76 (1), < 0.001
Understanding self-harm	1,581 (41.11)	463	1,118	484.0 (1), < 0.001

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Declarations

Author contributions

EM: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. KK and ST: Formal analysis, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. WC: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing—review & editing. HPS: Conceptualization, Writing—review & editing.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

All initial data protocols were deemed exempt by the Colgate University Institutional Review Board (IRB) according to the Code of Federal Regulations Title 45, Part 46 (Exemption 2: Public data).

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

The datasets and code analyzed for this study will be made available via [https://github.com/WilliamCipolli/EDHT-Moghimi-et-al-2025.git].

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

Publisher’s note

Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.

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