The non-genetic factors affecting Lp(a) levels [4]
| Non-genetic factors | Additional comments | |
|---|---|---|
| Factors increasing Lp(a) concentration | Hypothyroidism | 5–20% increase |
| Thyrostatic therapy, radioactive iodine therapy | 20–25% increase | |
| Acute and chronic inflammatory diseases | Increase related to interleukin-6 concentration | |
| Growth hormone | 2 times increase | |
| Pregnancy | 2 times increase | |
| Chronic kidney disease | Nephrotic syndrome: 3–5 times increase Peritoneal dialysis 2 times increase | |
| Protease inhibitors or antiretroviral therapy | Increase | |
| Air pollution (fine particulate) | Slight increase | |
| Factors decreasing Lp(a) concentration | Sepsis | Decrease |
| Postmenopausal hormonal replacement therapy | 25% decrease | |
| Tocilizumab | 30–40% decrease | |
| Low carbohydrate/high-fat diet | 10–15% decrease | |
| Hyperthyroidism | Decrease | |
| Thyroid hormone replacement therapy | 5–20% decrease | |
| Liver failure | Decrease | |