Roles of scavenger receptors in atherosclerosis
| Role | Description |
|---|---|
| Uptake of Ox-LDL | Scavenger receptors recognize and bind to modified LDL, particularly Ox-LDL. This uptake leads to the formation of foam cells within the arterial wall, a hallmark of atherosclerotic plaques [5]. |
| Inflammation and foam cell formation | Scavenger receptor-mediated uptake of Ox-LDL triggers an inflammatory response. Foam cells accumulate in the intima (inner layer) of blood vessels, contributing to plaque formation [53]. |
| Plaque stability and rupture | Scavenger receptors are involved in the balance between plaque stability and vulnerability. While they promote lipid accumulation, excessive scavenger receptor activity can lead to plaque rupture and thrombosis [54]. |
| Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) | Scavenger receptors regulate MMP production. MMPs degrade the extracellular matrix, weakening the fibrous cap of a plaque. A vulnerable plaque with a thin cap is more likely to rupture [55]. |