The levator aponeurosis is advanced and sutured to the superior tarsus

Mainly recommended for aponeurotic and involutional ptosis

No material needed

Small-incision techniques exist

Possibility of performing simultaneous blepharoplasty

Reoperation is easy to perform

Minimal changes in eyelid anatomy

Does not correct dermatochalasis or lash ptosis

Recurrence rate between 9–12%

Entropion of the upper lid

Possibility of over- or under correction of the ptosis

Risk of asymmetry in upper eyelid height

Muller’s muscle and conjunctiva are excised after everting the upper eyelid

Mainly for mild to moderate ptosis with good LPS muscle function

No material needed

Less risk of injury to sensory nerves and the distal branch of the facial nerve

No visible scar

Short operating time and learning curve

Avoidance of dry eyes and floppy eyelid

Need for an additional incision for blepharoplasty

Not indicated for poor levator function

May increase symptoms in patients with dry-eye syndrome

Avoided in patients with corneal disease or filtering blebs

Consists of releasing the frontalis muscle and suturing it to the upper tarsus

No material needed

No need for alloplastic or autologous tissue

Improves the direction of the pull

Minimal ptosis on upward gaze compared to frontalis sling

Can be done at a younger age

Low risk of facial nerve injury

Possibility of severe lagophthalmos, lid lag, and nocturnal exposure keratopathy

Eyebrow asymmetry

Overcorrection not reversible

Not indicated in patients with poor levator function

Linkage of the frontalis muscle to the eyelid tarsus using a sling material

Material of choice: autogenous fascia

Other materials used: banked fascia, nylon monofilament, polyester, PTFE, polypropylene, ETHIBOND, and silicone

Better eyelid position in primary gaze

Possibility of reversibility if overcorrection

Lagophtalmos

Eyelid lag in downgaze

Scarring and loss of eyelid crease

26% recurrence rate

Foreign body sensation

Granuloma or eyelid infections