Ceramics(hydroxyapatite) | Allows tissue ingrowth Well tolerated Provides good motility Few complications
| | [133, 137–142] |
Autologous materials(Bone, fat, skin, cartilage, muscle) | | Unpredictable graft uptake Requires additional surgery Risk of post-operative complications
| [133–135, 143] |
Silicone | Inertness Biocompatible Relatively good pliability Used to produce spherical non-orbital implant Low complication rate Non-porous silicone preferred in children because it is easily removable Easily surgically placed Allows tissue ingrowth
| Typical foreign body reaction with the formation of a dense avascular capsule around the implant Fibrovascular ingrowth is not possible Exposure often leads to implant removal, and is less treatable conservatively
| [133, 143, 144] |
Poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) | Excellent biocompatibility Widely used to fabricate intraocular lenses, orbital implants and rigid contact lenses Low cost Good clinical outcomes Easily surgically placed
| Fibrovascular ingrowth is not possible Exposure often leads to implant removal, and is less treatable conservatively
| [133, 143, 145–148] |
Porous PE (polyethylene)(Medpor) | Allows tissue ingrowth Low-cost alternative to other implants Soft surface and well tolerated by soft tissue Reduced risk of complications Pliable
| | [133, 143, 146, 149] |
Poly-HEMA (2-hydroxyethyl methacralate)(Alphasphere) | | Implant disintegration Fragmentation Partial extrusion Host reaction
| [133, 143, 146, 150] |