Clinical characteristics of 322 DILI patients based on the type of liver damage
| Variable | Clinical types | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hepatocellular (n = 183; 56.8%) | Cholestatic (n = 23; 7.1%) | Mixed (n = 18; 5.6%) | Abnormal liver biochemical examination (n = 98; 30.5%) | P value | |||
| Age [M (IQR)] | 55 (43–65) | 62 (49–72) | 56 (47–67) | 60 (49–66) | 0.029 | ||
| Gender [n (%)] | |||||||
| Male | 74 (40.4) | 12 (52.2) | 5 (27.8) | 35 (35.7) | 0.358 | ||
| Female | 109 (59.6) | 11 (47.8) | 13 (72.2) | 63 (64.3) | |||
| Latency (days) | |||||||
| < 5 | 13 (7.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (5.6) | 1 (1.0) | 0.278 | ||
| 5–90 | 141 (77.0) | 19 (82.6) | 13 (72.2) | 79 (80.6) | |||
| > 90 | 29 (15.8) | 4 (17.4) | 4 (22.2) | 18 (18.4) | |||
| Hypertension | |||||||
| Yes | 51 (27.9) | 7 (30.4) | 5 (27.8) | 27 (27.6) | 0.994 | ||
| No | 132 (72.1) | 16 (69.6) | 13 (72.2) | 71 (72.4) | |||
| Diabetes | |||||||
| Yes | 6 (3.3) | 3 (13) | 1 (5.6) | 9 (9.2) | 0.056 | ||
| No | 177 (96.7) | 20 (87) | 17 (94.4) | 89 (90.8) | |||
| Coronary heart disease | |||||||
| Yes | 14 (7.7) | 2 (8.7) | 2 (11.1) | 5 (5.1) | 0.601 | ||
| No | 169 (92.3) | 21 (91.3) | 16 (88.9) | 93 (94.9) | |||
| Gallbladder disease | |||||||
| Yes | 71 (38.8) | 10 (43.5) | 8 (44.4) | 22 (22.4) | 0.024 | ||
| No | 112 (61.2) | 13 (56.5) | 10 (55.6) | 76 (77.6) | |||
| Fatty liver | |||||||
| Yes | 55 (30.1) | 5 (21.7) | 4 (22.2) | 21 (21.4) | 0.439 | ||
| No | 128 (69.9) | 18 (78.3) | 14 (77.8) | 77 (78.6) | |||
| Malignant tumor | |||||||
| Yes | 35 (19.1) | 10 (43.5) | 4 (22.2) | 73 (74.5) | < 0.001 | ||
| No | 148 (80.9) | 13 (56.5) | 14 (77.8) | 25 (25.5) | |||
| Chronic hepatitis B | |||||||
| Yes | 12 (6.6) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (5.6) | 2 (2.0) | 0.266 | ||
| No | 171 (93.4) | 23 (100.0) | 17 (94.4) | 96 (98.0) | |||
| Laboratory parameters | |||||||
| TBIL | 56.8 (18.8–136.3) | 95.8 (15.4–168.9) | 82.8 (22.8–164.7) | 9.0 (6.5–16.8) | < 0.001 | ||
| ALB | 40 (37–44) | 36 (34–42) | 41 (36–43) | 44 (41–46) | < 0.001 | ||
| ALT | 1,024 (496–1,500) | 207 (74–329) | 453 (323–532) | 77 (57–124) | < 0.001 | ||
| AST | 723 (331–1,076) | 126 (71–217) | 229 (185–330) | 54 (39–82) | < 0.001 | ||
| ALP | 138 (88–178) | 388 (223–509) | 281 (178–334) | 90 (63–131) | < 0.001 | ||
| GGT | 174 (91–278) | 318 (146–543) | 300 (165–722) | 49 (29–86) | < 0.001 | ||
| PT | 12.2 (11.4–13.4) | 11.5 (11.0–12.1) | 11.2 (10.7–12.2) | 11.1 (10.6–11.7) | < 0.001 | ||
| INR | 1.07 (1.01–1.17) | 1.00 (0.96–1.11) | 1.00 (0.94–1.07) | 0.97 (0.93–1.04) | < 0.001 | ||
The normal range of liver function indexes: ALB 35–55 g/L, AST 15–40 U/L, ALT 9–50 U/L, TBIL 3.4–17.1 µmol/L，GGT 10–60 U/L，ALP 45–125 U/L，PT 10–13 s，INR 0.5–1.2. The types of liver damage: i) hepatocellular: R ≥ 5; ii) cholestatic type: R ≤ 2; iii) mixed type: 2 < R < 5; iv) abnormal liver biochemical examination: abnormal ALT and ALP but unmet the above criteria. M (IQR): median (interquartile range); n (%): number of cases (percentage)