Exploration of Digestive Diseases

Table 1

Role of miRNAs and their target proteins in HCC

S.No	miRNAs	Target proteins	Target pathway	Cellular function in HCC	HCC severity	Reference(s)
1	miR-758-3p	↓ MDM2 ↑ p53, AKT, and PRAS40	mTOR pathway	Inhibits cell propagation, migration and incursion	Reduced HCC progression	[50]
2	miR-142	↓ TGF-β	mTOR pathway	Cell metabolism, propagation, EMT and neo-angiogenesis	Promotes HCC progression and angiogenesis process	[51]
3	miR-199b-5p	↑ N-cadherin ↓ TGF-β1	mTOR pathway	Inhibitory possessions on EMT	Reduced HCC progression	[52]
4	miR-187, miR-497, miR-99a, and miR-592	↑ IGF-1R	mTOR pathway	Cell propagation, migration and incursion	Promotes HCC progression	[53–55]
5	miR-10a, miR-106b, miR-99a, miR-148a, miR-125b, miR-30e, miR-199a, miR-199a3p, miR-24, miR-122, and miR-215	↓ β-catenin and c-myc ↑ APC	Wnt pathway	Inhibits cell propagation	Reduced HCC progression	[58]
6	miR-18a	↓ KLF4, a negative regulator of β-catenin expression	Wnt pathway	Propagation and migration of human HCC	Promotes HCC progression	[59]
7	miR-195	↑ AEG-1	Wnt pathway	Cell propagation, metastasis, angiogenesis and chemoresistance	Promotes HCC progression, angiogenesis and drug resistance	[60]
8	miR-320a	↓ β-catenin, c-myc, cyclin D1, and DKK-1	Wnt pathway	Inhibition of HCC cell propagation and incursion through c-myc suppression	Inhibits HCC progression	[61]
9	miR-98-5p	↓ IGF2BP1	Wnt pathway	Cell propagation	Promotes HCC progression	[62]
10	miR-214-3p	↑ PIM-1	JAK-STAT pathway	Cell propagation	Promotes HCC progression	[65]
11	miR-30e	↓ JAK1	JAK-STAT pathway	Inhibition of cell migration, propagation proliferation and incursion of HCC cells	Inhibits HCC progression	[66]
12	miR-340	↓ JAK-1	JAK-STAT pathway	Inhibits the cell migration, propagation of HCC	Inhibits HCC progression	[67]
13	miR-140-5p and miR-200	↑ Pin-1	JAK-STAT pathway	HCC cell growth and migration	Promotes HCC progression	[69]
14	miR-21	↓ PTEN	PDK1/AKT pathway	Promotes cell migration and incursion of HCC by targeting KLF5	Promotes HCC progression	[70]
15	miR-221	↑ CDKN1B/p27 and CDKN1C/p57	Apoptosis pathway	Promotes cell propagation	Promotes HCC progression	[71]

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MDM2: mouse double minute 2; PRAS40: proline-rich Akt substrate 40 kDa; APC: adenomatous polyposis coli; KLF4: Kruppel-like factor 4; AEG-1: astrocyte elevated gene-1; DKK-1: Dickkopf-1; IGF2BP1: insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1; PIM-1: proviral integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus 1; JAK: Janus kinase; Pin-1: peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1; CDKN1B: cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B; ↑: resembles upregulation; ↓: resembles downregulation