Factors associated with HBsAg seroclearance
| Factors | Descriptions |
|---|---|
| Factors associated with a higher likelihood of HBsAg seroclearance | Low quantitative HBsAg [10–12, 19], e.g., < 100 IU/mL for Asians and < 1,000 IU/mL for Caucasians [12, 30] |
| Strong kinetic of HBsAg level decline [11, 13] | |
| Low HBV DNA level, e.g., HBV DNA level < 2,000 IU/mL in untreated patients [12]; pretreatment HBV DNA level < 20,000 IU/mL [17]; HBV DNA level < 100 IU/mL at week 24 after antiviral treatment cessation [18] | |
| Negative HBeAg [10, 16] | |
| Older age [11, 12, 16] | |
| Non-Asian population [11, 19, 30] | |
| HCV co-infection [21] | |
| Novel HBV treatments such as siRNA and ASO [31] | |
| Interferon treatment [10] | |
| Factors that may be associated with HBsAg seroclearance | HBV genotype A or D [16, 19] |
| Presence of hepatic steatosis [12, 29] | |
| HIV co-infection [23–25] |
ASO: antisense oligonucleotides; HBeAg: hepatitis B e antigen; HBsAg: hepatitis B surface antigen; HBV: hepatitis B virus; HCV: hepatitis C virus; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; siRNA: small interfering RNA
JCTL and VWKH: Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. GLHW, VWSW, and TCFY: Conceptualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. All authors read and approved the submitted version.
JCTL and VWKH declare that they have no conflicts of interest. GLHW has served as an advisory committee member for AstraZeneca, Gilead Sciences, and Janssen, and as a speaker for Abbott, AbbVie, Ascletis, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Echosens, Gilead Sciences, Janssen, and Roche. She has also received a research grant from Gilead Sciences. VWSW has served as a consultant or advisory committee member for AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Echosens, Intercept, Inventiva, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, and TARGET PharmaSolutions; and a speaker for Abbott, AbbVie, Gilead Sciences, and Novo Nordisk. He has received a research grant from Gilead Sciences, and is a cofounder of Illuminatio Medical Technology Limited. TCFY has served as an advisory committee member and a speaker for Gilead Sciences.
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© The Author(s) 2024.