Triggering factors in AD and ACLF
| Triggering factors | AD | ACLF |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 57% | 10–50% |
| Known | Infections (58%) | Infections (48%) |
| HBV reactivation | HBV reactivation | |
| HAV infection | HAV infection | |
| HEV infection | HEV infection | |
| Alcohol-related hepatitis | Alcohol-related hepatitis | |
| DILI | DILI | |
| Neurotoxic drugs | Neurotoxic drugs | |
| GI bleeding | GI bleeding* | |
| Surgery | Native American ancestry | |
| Trauma | ||
| TIPS | ||
| TACE | ||
| RFA | ||
| Portal vein thrombosis |
* Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is not accepting a trigger factor for ACLF in APASL unless it fulfills the APASL-ACLF criteria and causes jaundice and coagulopathy. AD: acute decompensation; ACLF: acute-on-chronic liver failure; DILI: drug-induced liver injury; RFA: radiofrequency ablation; TACE: transarterial chemoembolization; TIPS: transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt