Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with severe difficult-to-treat gout (n = 15)
| Category | Data |
|---|---|
| Male sex, n (%) | 13 (87%) |
| Age, median (range) years | 59 (43–93) |
| Gout duration, mean (SD) years | 16.2 (8.8) |
| Attacks per year, mean (SD) | 5.7 (3.7) |
| Tophi, n (%) | 15 (100%) |
| Alcohol, n (%) | 8 (53%) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 14 (93%) |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 11 (73%) |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 1 (7%) |
| MACE, n (%) | 2 (13%) |
| Diuretics, n (%) | 8 (53%) |
| Urolithiasis, n (%) | 1 (7%) |
| Baseline SUA, mean (SD) mg/dL | 10.3 (1.7) |
| Baseline eGFR, mean (SD) mL/min | 63.7 (23.6) |
SD: standard deviation; MACE: major cardiovascular event (myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalization for unstable angina, coronary revascularization); SUA: serum urate; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate
Preliminary findings from this study were presented at the following conferences, although this manuscript completes the study with a comprehensive analysis that has not been previously reported: 1) Madrid Regional Rheumatology Society (SORCOM) Congress 2023 https://www.sorcom.es/images/Anales/Revista-Anales-Congreso-SORCOM-2023.pdf; 2) European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) Congress 2024 https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2024-eular.5897; 3) European Crystal Network (ECN) Workshop 2024 https://doi.org/10.3390/gucdd2030021; 4) Spanish Society of Rheumatology (SER) Congress 2024 https://static.elsevier.es/reuma/reumacongreso2024b.pdf. The authors retain copyright for this material and grant the journal permission for reuse.
Special thanks to Mr. J.A. Ángel Sesmero (Clinical Nurse Specialist, Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor) and the Radiology Department of Hospital Universitario Cruces (Dr. B. Souto-Canteli). We also thank Mr. Thomas O’Boyle, on behalf of the Spanish Foundation of Rheumatology, for his valuable assistance in providing medical writing and editorial support during the preparation of the manuscript.
ECA: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Supervision, Funding acquisition. CMGG: Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. FPR: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—review & editing, Validation, Supervision. MNN: Data curation, Methodology, Writing—review & editing. All authors read and approved the submitted version.
Enrique Calvo-Aranda: Speaker for the Spanish Foundation for Rheumatology, Asacpharma, SOBI, AbbVie, and Alfasigma. Claudia María Gómez-González: the author declares that there are no conflicts of interest. Fernando Pérez-Ruiz: Advisor for Amgen, Arthrosi Therapeutics, Cristalys, LG, and Protalix; Speaker for the Spanish Foundation for Rheumatology and Menarini; Research grants from the Cruces Rheumatology Association; Editorial work for the Spanish Foundation for Rheumatology, Open Exploration Publishing, and Wolters-Kluwer; the Editor-in-Chief and Guest Editor of Exploration of Musculoskeletal Diseases had no involvement in the decision-making or the review process of this manuscript. Marta Novella-Navarro: Speaker for AbbVie, Lilly, Alfasigma, and UCB.
The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of OSI EEC at Cruces University Hospital (CEIC-E03/45) and complied with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
The patients gave their written informed consent to participate.
Not applicable.
De-identified data supporting this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
This work was supported by the Spanish Foundation of Rheumatology [FERBT2025]. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
© The Author(s) 2025.
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