Other natural products (NPs) with immunomodulatory effects
Source | Taxonomic species | NP | References |
---|---|---|---|
Fungi | Cordyceps sinensis | Cordycepin | [76, 77] |
Insects | Apis mellifera | Propolis | [78, 79] |
Various species | Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium | Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium | [80, 81] |
Algae | Spirulina platensis | Phycocyanin | [82, 83] |
Marine organisms | Haliotis diversicolor | Abalone Haliotis peptide | [84, 85] |
Sargassum fusiform | Fucoidans | [86, 87] | |
Algae, yeast, salmon, trout, krill, shrimp, and crayfish | Astaxanthin | [88, 89] | |
Cartilage | Shark and bovine cartilage | Chondroitin sulfate | [90, 91] |
Fish | Fish oil | Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) | [92, 93] |