Overviewed protein kinase inhibitors
Kinase | Inhibitor(s) | Targeted diseases | Reference(s) |
---|---|---|---|
ABL1 | Imatinib, Nilotinib, Bosutinib, GNF-2, Asciminib | AD, PD, NPC, ALS | [24–32] |
CaMKII | DY-9836, ST101, KN-93 | AD, VD, SZ, MDD, PTSD | [33–35] |
CK1δ | IGS-2.7 | PD, AD, ALS | [36–41] |
JNK | SP600125, FMU200, IQ-1S, PT109, Natural compounds (Emodin, Quercetin, Curcumin), Brimapitide, CEP1347 | AD, PD, HD | [42–54] |
CDK5 | Roscovitine, ginsenoside Rg1, Quercetin, P5, Tamoxifen (TMX), LDN-193594, TFP5, pyrrolidine-2,3-dione, Luteolin, Olomoucine, 25-106 | AD, PD, SZ, MDD | [55–69] |
DYRK1A | DYR219, DYR533, CX-4945, PST-001, Varlitinib, ZDWX-25, EGCG, Harmine, b1 | DS, AD, ALS, HD | [70–77] |
ERK1/2: via MEK | SL327, PD98059, U0126 | AD, PD, ALS, HD, depression, anxiety, LID | [78–84] |
PD0325901 | Epilepsy | [85] | |
ERK1/2:via PDE4 | Mirdametinib (PD325901) | ASD | [86, 87] |
Rolipram | HD, depression | [88, 89] | |
Quetiapine | Depression | [90] | |
GSK3β | L803-mts, Lithium, AR-A014418, Tideglusib | AD, PD, HD, ALS, BD, epilepsy, SZ, depression | [91–102] |
TDZD-8, SB216763, SAR502250 | Depression | [103–105] | |
AF3581 | BD | [106] | |
mTOR | Rapamycin, Everolimus, Sirolimus | AD, PD, epilepsy, TSC, ASD, LID, FCDII | [17, 18, 107–112] |
Resveratrol, Luteolin | ASD | [113, 114] | |
Curcumin | ASD, TSC model | [115] | |
p38-MAPK | MW069, VX-745 (neflamapimod) | AD, ALS, PD, HD, dementia with Lewy bodies | [116–123] |
PKA: via PDE4 | Zatomilast® | AD | [124–126] |
PKC | Bryostatin-1, TMX, Myricitrin | AD, SCA, BD, mania | [127–138] |
RIPK1 | Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1s), DNL747 | ALS, AD, HD, PD | [139–141] |
ROCK1 and ROCK2 | Fasudil, Ripasudil | AD, PD, HD, ALS | [142, 143] |
DLK | GDC-0134 | ALS, AD | [144, 145] |
LRRK2 | DNL201, DNL151, BIIB094 | PD | [146–154] |
ABL1: Abelson kinase I; CaMKII: calmodulin-dependent kinase II; CK1δ: casein kinase 1δ; JNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinase; CDK5: cyclin-dependent kinase; DYRK1A: dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylated and regulated kinase 1A; ERK1/2: extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; MEK: MAPK kinase 1/2; PDE4: phosphodiesterase 4; GSK3β: glycogen synthase kinase 3β; mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin; PKA: protein kinase A; PKC: protein kinase C; RIPK1: receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase 1; ROCK1: Rho-associated protein kinases 1; DLK: dual leucine zipper kinase; LRRK2: leucine-rich repeat kinase 2; EGCG: epigallocatechin-3-gallate; AD: Alzheimer’s disease; PD: Parkinson’s disease; NPC: Niemann-Pick type C; ALS: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; VD: vascular dementia; SZ: schizophrenia; MDD: major depressive disorder; PTSD: post-traumatic stress disorder; HD: Huntington’s disease; ASD: autism spectrum disorder; LID: L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia; DS: Down syndrome; BD: bipolar disorder; TSC: tuberous sclerosis complex; FCDII: focal cortical dysplasia type II; SCA: spinocerebellar ataxia