Role of nanoparticles in bone remodelling
| NPs | Modifications | Therapeutic agents | Target (bone remodeling) | Experimental model | Inference | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liposomes | Gelatin methacryloyl-dopamine (GelMA-DOPA) | MT | Osteoblast | MC3T3-E1 (precursors osteoblast) and OVX mice model | MT promotes osteoblast differentiation and bone formation and has been effectively used to combat oxidative stress | [101] |
| PLGA | Nanodecoys | RAW cell membrane | Osteoclast | RAW 264.7 cells (preosteoclast) and OVX mouse model | Nanodecoys capable of scavenging RANKL and TNF-α produced by osteoclast cells and promote osteoblastogenesis | [103] |
| CS | Nano-HA (n-HA/resveratrol/chitosan) | Resveratrol | Osteoclast | RAW 264.7 cells and OVX rat model | CS microsphere implanted into bone defects in the osteoporotic rat femoral condyles, enhanced entochondrostosis and also possessed anti-inflammatory property to treat osteoporotic bone disorder | [106] |
| HA | IO NPs | miR-21 and miR-124 | Osteoblast and osteoclast | MC3T3-E1, 4B12 cells and RAW 264.7 cells | nHAp/IO/miR-21/miR-124 improves metabolism of preosteoblasts and promotes osteogenesis, simultaneously decreasing differentiation of preosteoclasts | [107] |
| Mesoporous silica NPs | nanoceria | Osteoblast and osteoclast | MC3T3-E1 cells and RAW 264.7 cells | Ce-MSNs exhibited antioxidant capability and stimulated cell proliferation and osteogenic responses | [114] | |
| Selenium NPs | Osteoblast | MC3T3-E1 cells | SeNPs in osteogenic differentiation in order to treat osteoporosis by regulating the oxidative stress | [118] | ||
| Gold NPs | EGCG | EGCG | Osteoclast | Bone marrow macrophages cells and in vivo LPS-induced calvarial bone erosion model | EGCG-GNPs exhibited anti-osteoclastogenesis by reducing the intracellular ROS generation and inhibited the MAPK pathway | [119] |
NPs: nanoparticles; CS: chitosan; EGCG: epigallocatechin gallate; GNPs: gold nanoparticles