Changes in hepatic vascular parameters reported in human NAFLD
| Authors/Year/Country | Study type | Liver disease characteristics | Major findings |
|---|---|---|---|
| Balci et al. (2008) Turkey [27] | Prospective study of 140 patients with variable degree of ultrasound-proven steatosis | Steatosis No liver biopsy available | Venous pulsatility index and mean flow velocity inversely associated with degree of steatosis (P < 0.01) |
| Mendes et al. (2012) USA [15] | Retrospective study of 100 patients with PH identified from a cohort of 354 cases with biopsy-proven NAFLD | NAFLD with variable degree of fibrosis (F0, F1–2, F3, and F4: n = 27, 30, 13 and 30, respectively | 23 patients with PH (varices, encephalopathy, ascites or splenomegaly) had no cirrhosis, including 12 patients with F2 or lesser fibrosis. Steatosis was more severe in those with PH |
| Hirooka et al. (2015) Japan [28] | Prospective study of 121 patients with histologically proven NAFLD | NAFLD with variable degree of fibrosis (F0 through F4,n= 41, 22, 19, 23, and 16, respectively) | Arterioportal flow ratio correlated with increasing stages of liver fibrosis in pair-wise comparisons (P < 0.001) including higher readings in some patients with F0 and F1 |
| Francque et al. (2011) Belgium [30] | Prospective study of 50 patients with obesity and biopsy-proven NAFLD and HVPG measurement | Steatosis or steatohepatitis with variable degree of liver fibrosis including cirrhosis | PH (HVPG > 5 mmHg) was verified in 28% and correlated with the extent of steatosis (P = 0.016) but not with inflammation, ballooning or fibrosis |
| Vonghia et al. (2015) Belgium [29] | Prospective study of 40 patients with obesity undergoing transjugular liver biopsy and HVPG measurement | Steatosis (n = 12) and steatohepatitis (n = 28) without cirrhosis | PH (HVPG > 5 mmHg) was verified in 8 patients of this noncirrhotic cohort and found to be clinically significant in one case |
| Rodrigues et al. (2019) Switzerland [16] | Retrospective study of 157 patients with liver disease undergoing histological and liver hemodynamic evaluation | Liver disease of mixed etiology including 45 cases of NAFLD with variable degree of fibrosis or cirrhosis | HVPG ≥ 10 mmHg was found in 89 patients, including 14 cases (16%) without cirrhosis but presence of ballooning and lobular inflammation (NAFLD, n = 5) |
| Semmler et al. (2019) Austria [31] | Retrospective study of 261 patients undergoing HVPG measurement and liver fat was determined by histology as well as by controlled attenuation parameter | 205 patients (78.5%) had cirrhosis of which 88 (33.7%) cases were associated with (non) alcoholic fatty liver disease | HVPG ≥ 10 mmHg was found in 191 patients (73.2%). Negative correlation was found between steatosis and HVPG at F2 fibrosis and higher, while no correlation was found with F0/F1 fibrosis. No subgroup analysis of NAFLD-only patients |
PH: portal hypertension; F1: minimal fibrosis; F2: moderate fibrosis; F3: advanced fibrosis; F4: severe fibrosis