Phytochemical constituents
| Phytochemical constituents | Chemical compound | Plant part | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Saponins | Osladin, calagualine | Rhizome | [8, 55] |
| Phenolic compounds | Caffeic acid: 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid, Ferulic acid: 3-methoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid | Leaves | [56] |
| Biological acid molecules | Shikimic acid, glucuronic acid, malic acid, coumaric acid: 4-hydroxycinnamic acid, vanillic acid: 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid, chlorogenic acid: 3-caffeoylquinic acid, lactic acid, protocatechuic acid: 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, citric acid | Rhizome and leaves | [56] |
| Monosaccharides | Fructose, glucose | Rhizome and leaves | [56] |
| Steroids | Ecdysone | Rhizome | [8] |
| Others | Oleoresin, deoxyhexose, potassium nitrate | Rhizome | [8] |