Exploration of Medicine

Table 2

Summary of biochemical tests for AF in patients with NAFLD

Parameters Measures	Non-invasive test	AUROC	Cutoff	Diagnostic accuracy (%)	Study population, reference
AST, PLT	APRI score	0.76	> 1	Se 66-Sp91, NPV 87	245 NAFLD, [85]
		0.77	< 1 > 1.5	Se 50-Sp 84 Se 18.3-Sp 96.1	6, 877 NAFLD, [77]
		0.86	0.42	Se 84-Sp 75, NPV 96	213 T2DM, [46]
Age, AST, ALT, PLT	FIB-4 index	0.8	< 1.3 > 2.67	Se 74-Sp 71 Se 33-Sp 98	541 NAFLD, [74]
		0.84	> 2.67 > 3.25	Se 26.6-Sp 96.5 Se 31.8-Sp 96	8, 635 NAFLD, [77]
		0.72	> 2	Se 77-Sp 70	61 ≥ 65 years NAFLD, [81] (reduced false positive in age > 65 years)
		0.84	< 1	Se 100-Sp 94.3 (F0 vs. F1-4)	108 + 239 NAFLD, [83] (excluding any fibrosis)
		0.78	1.6	Se 68-Sp 75, NPV 93	213 T2DM, [46]
AGE, BMI, albumin, AST/ALT ratio, hyperglycemia, PLT	NFS	0.84	> 0.67 < −1.45	PPV 90 NPV 93	733 NAFLD, [75]
		0.84	< −1.45	Se 72-Sp 70	9, 392 NAFLD, [77]
		0.81	< −1.45	Se 93-Sp 20	61 ≥ 65 years NAFLD, [81] (reduced false positive in > 65 years)
		0.64	< −1.45 –0.053	Se 91-Sp 40 Se 68-Sp 55, NPV 90	69 T2DM, [46]
BMI, T2DM, AST/ALT ratio	BARD score	0.81	2–4	NPV 96	827 NAFLD, [76]
BMI, T2DM, AST/ALT ratio	BARD score	0.76	< 2	Se 76-Sp 61	7, 791 NAFLD, [77]
Age, weight, glucose, AST, ALT, ferritin, PLT	FibroMeter	0.94	> 0.71	Se 79-Sp 96, NPV 92	235 NAFLD, [85]
Age, weight, glucose, AST, ALT, ferritin, PLT	FibroMeter	0.81		Se 88-Sp 93, NPV 92.7	938 NAFLD, [86]
Age, weight, glucose, AST, ALT, ferritin, PLT, VCTE	Fibrometer VCTE	0.86	0.32–0.69	Se 85-Sp 92, NPV 90.7	938 NAFLD, [86]
GGT, bilirubin, haptoglobin, ApoA1, alfa2 macroglobulin	FibroTest®	0.81	< 0.3	NPV 90	170 NAFLD + 954 cp, [47]
		0.84	> 0.7	PPV 73	267 NAFLD, 429 ALD, 724 mixed, [87]
		0.85	< 0.27		494 obese, [49]
		0.7	0.35	Se 64-Sp 74, NPV 92	130 T2DM, [46]
Age, sex, bilirubin, GGT, alfa2-macroglobulin, HA	Hepascore	0.81	> 0.37	Se 75-Sp 84, NPV 92	242 NAFLD, [90]
HA, PIIINP, TIMP-1	ELF test	0.9	> 0.35	Se 80-Sp 90, NPV 94	196 NAFLD, [92]
HA, PIIINP, TIMP-1	ELF test	0.83	< 10.18	Sp 90	11 studies (4, 452 NAFLD), [93]
Age, T2DM, PLT, Pro-C3	ADAPT	0.87	> 6.32	PPV 48.4-NPV 96.6	150 + 281 NAFLD, [94]
Age, BMI, PLT, T2DM	ABC3D	0.88	> 3	Se 77-Sp 82, NPV 84	151 discovery cohort NAFLD, [ 95]
Age, BMI, PLT, T2DM	ABC3D	0.81		Se 66-Sp 75, NPV 80	298 validation cohort NAFLD, [95]
TIMP-1, HA, alfa2 macroglobulin		0.85	17	Se 79-Sp 75, NPV 92	396 NAFLD, [96]
Type IV collagen S		0.82	> 177	Se 77-Sp 84, NPV 84	148 NAFLD, [97]
Type IV collagen S, AST	CA index	0.84–0.91			94 + 62 NAFLD, [98]
Mac-2bp, Type IV collagen S		0.83	> 0.83 > 5.2	Se 91-Sp 61, NPV 87	165 NAFLD, [100]
10 urinary steroid metabolites	GMLVQ analysis	0.99–1			275 NAFLD, [147]
SNP IFNL 4, HOMA-IR, GGT, AST, ALT, PLT	FibroGENE DT	0.8		NPV 96	488 NAFLD, [158]
GUT microbiome model		0.936			86 NAFLD, [159]
Inc RNAs + FIB-4 or TE		0.89			88 + 50 NAFLD, [166]

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GMLVQ: generalized matrix learning vectors quantization; IncRNAs: including long non-coding RNAs; SNP IFNL 4: single nucleotide polymorphism interferon lamba 4; VCTE: vibration controlled transient elastography