Some potent apoptotic medications used for the treatment of NDs
| Sr. No. | Drugs | Mechanism of action | Model used | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Minocycline | Inhibition of the generation of free radicals and the neurotoxicity caused by 6-OHDA in rat CGN. | Cultured rat CGN | [41, 42] |
| 2. | Rasagiline | This causes MAO-B inhibition, which may decrease oxidation and the buildup of free radicals while simultaneously increasing the amount of monoamines in the brain through the suppression of their catabolism. | Aged male C57Bl/6J mice | [43, 44] |
| 3. | Resveratrol | Present in red wine, grapes, and other fruits that inhibit oxidative stress via attenuation of 6-OHDA-induced oxidative damage and dopamine depletion. | 6-OHDA-induced PD rat model | [45, 46] |
| 4. | Coenzyme Q10 | By reducing oxidative stress and activating the P13K pathway, amyloid beta-induced neuronal cell death can be prevented. | Amyloid beta25–35-induced rat cortical neurons | [47] |
| 5. | Metformin | By lowering the transcription of Nrf2 and neurotrophic factors, the brain is protected against neurodegeneration without suffering cognitive impairment. | Aged male C57Bl/6J mice | [48] |
| 9. | Mucuna pruriens | Its treatment significantly reduced nitrite levels, lipid peroxidation, and iNOS expression, indicating that it lowers NO in PD. | PQ-induced PD mouse model | [49] |
| 10. | Ursolic acid | Reduction of oxidative stress in nigrostriatal tissue and enhancement of neurobehavioral functioning in PD patients. | MPTP-induced Parkinsonian mouse model | [50] |
Sr. No.: serial number; 6-OHDA: 6-hydroxydopamine; CGN: cerebellar granule neurons; MAO-B: monoamine oxidase B; P13K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; C57Bl/6J: parentral substrain of mice; Nrf2: nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2; PQ: paraquat; iNOS: inducible NO synthase; MPTP: 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine