Demographic and cognitive characteristic
| Dependent Variables | Ethnic Minorities Group | Ethnic Minorities | Statistic | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Mean (SD) | N | Mean (SD) | t | df | P-value | CI 95% | |
| Age | 20 | 67.55 (6.19) | 22 | 66.59 (8.71) | –0.41 | 40.00 | 0.69 | (–5.71 3.80) |
| Education RQF | 20 | 8.05 (13.26) | 22 | 16.79 (20.89) | 1.63 | 35.94 | 0.11 | (–2.12 19.59) |
| Education level | 20 | 2.30 (0.57) | 22 | 2.50 (0.80) | 0.92 | 40.00 | 0.36 | (–0.24 0.64) |
| Years in the UK | 20 | 65.70 (7.71) | 23 | 39.84 (14.07) | –7.60 | 34.99 | < 0.001 | (–32.77 –18.95) |
| Percentage years in the UK | 20 | 97.37 (7.94) | 22 | 58.88 (18.63) | –8.84 | 28.95 | < 0.001 | (–47.38 –29.58) |
| English proficiency | 20 | 4.75 (0.55) | 23 | 3.48 (0.73) | –6.50 | 40.24 | < 0.001 | (–1.67 –0.88) |
| Multi-ethnic Acculturation Scale | 20 | 85.05 (12.10) | 23 | 64.61 (13.43) | –5.21 | 41.00 | < 0.001 | (–28.36 –12.52) |
| Neuropsychological tests | ||||||||
| Cross-Linguistic Naming Test | 20 | 39.90 (0.31) | 21 | 38.05 (3.87) | –2.19 | 20.27 | 0.04 | (–3.62 –0.09) |
| M-ACE | 20 | 27.15 (2.94) | 23 | 21.39 (7.44) | –3.42 | 29.52 | < 0.001* | (–9.20 –2.32) |
| RUDAS | 20 | 28.30 (2.64) | 22 | 24.95 (6.73) | –2.16 | 27.82 | 0.04* | (–6.52 –0.17) |
| VSTMBT Perception | 20 | 9.90 (0.31) | 22 | 9.64 (1.14) | –1.05 | 24.35 | 0.31* | (–0.78 0.26) |
| VSTMBT 2 Shapes | 20 | 15.10 (1.83) | 22 | 14.18 (2.22) | –1.45 | 40.00 | 0.15* | (–2.19 0.36) |
| VSTMBT 2 Bindings | 20 | 13.20 (2.19) | 22 | 11.27 (2.55) | –2.62 | 40.00 | 0.01* | (–3.42 –0.44) |
| VSTMBT Cost 2 | 20 | 12.54 (10.12) | 22 | 19.72 (16.39) | 1.73 | 40.00 | 0.09* | (–1.25 15.63) |
| VSTMBT 3 Shapes | 20 | 13.65 (2.43) | 22 | 12.91 (2.52) | –0.97 | 40.00 | 0.34* | (–2.29 0.81) |
| VSTMBT 3 Bindings | 20 | 11.75 (1.89) | 22 | 10.23 (1.54) | –2.87 | 40.00 | 0.01* | (–2.59 –0.45) |
| VSTMBT Cost 3 | 20 | 9.67 (30.68) | 22 | 18.4 (16.59) | 1.16 | 40.00 | 0.27* | (–6.45 23.90) |
M-ACE: Mini Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination; RQF: Regulated Qualifications Framework; RUDAS: Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale; VSTMBT: Visual Short-Term Memory Binding Test. * not all the neuropsychological variables were normally distributed, see Tables S1 and S2, for non-parametric Mann-Whitney U tests. There were a few missing data from the Ethnic Minorities Group: one participant did not report on age or percentage years in the UK, and one did not report on education. One did not contribute data on the Cross-Linguistic Naming Test or RUDAS, and one did not contribute data on the Cross-Linguistic Naming Test or the VSTMBT