Basic information included in the study
| Study | Concomitant treatment | Q※ | Technology employed | Platform |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chen-2019 [9] | NA | 7 | 16S rRNA gene sequencing | Illumina Miseq sequencing platform |
| Liu-2012 [10] | NA | 9 | 16S rRNA gene sequencing | Illumina Miseq sequencing platform |
| Kang-2021 [11] | NA | 9 | 16S rRNA gene sequencing | Illumina Miseq sequencing platform |
| Wang-2022 [12] | NSAIDs: 100 (30/30) | 7 | ITS2-based DNA sequencing | Illumina Miseq sequencing platform |
| Yin-2021 [13] | NA | 9 | 16S rRNA gene sequencing | Illumina Miseq sequencing platform |
| Wang-2022 [14] | NSAIDs: 100 (62/62) | 9 | ITS2-based DNA sequencing | Illumina Miseq sequencing platform |
| Wang-2018 [15] | NA | 6 | NA | NA |
| Sun-2022 [16] | NA | 8 | ITS2-based DNA sequencing | Illumina Miseq sequencing platform |
| Qiao-2022 [17] | NA | 3 | ITS2-based DNA sequencing | Illumina Miseq sequencing platform |
| Breban-2017 [18] | NSAIDs: 35.3 (6/17); Corticosteroids: 82.4 (14/17); DMARDs: 53 (9/17); Biotherapy: 70.6 (12/17); Antiacid: 70.6 (12/17) | 7 | 16S rRNA gene sequencing | Illumina Miseq sequencing platform |
| Forbes-2018 [19] | NA | 9 | 16S rRNA gene sequencing | Illumina Miseq sequencing platform |
| Jeong-2019 [20] | NA | 6 | 16S rRNA gene sequencing | Illumina Miseq sequencing platform |
| Kishikawa-2020 [21] | csDMARDs: 28 (23/82); bDMARDs: 2 (2/82) | 8 | Metagenomic shotgun sequencing | Illumina high-throughput sequencing platform |
| Li-2021 [22] | NA | 9 | ITS2-based DNA sequencing | Illumina Miseq sequencing platform |
| Sun-2019 [23] | NA | 7 | ITS2-based DNA sequencing | Illumina Miseq sequencing platform |
| Wang-2022 [24] | NA | 5 | 16S rRNA gene sequencing | Illumina Miseq sequencing platform |
| Jin-2023 [25] | NA | 8 | 16S rRNA gene sequencing | Illumina Miseq sequencing platform |
| Koh-2023 [26] | NA | 8 | 16S rRNA gene sequencing | Illumina Miseq sequencing platform |
※ Quality (Q) of each study was based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality. NA: not applicable