From:  Oral health conditions and hygiene procedures in patients with Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review

Home oral hygiene habits: frequency and methods of brushing

Home oral hygiene habitsArticleParkinson groupHealthy group
Brushing frequencyBarbe et al. [23], 201721% 1 × dayN/A
64% 2 × dayN/A
15% 3 × dayN/A
Fleury et al. [26], 2021100% ≥ 1 × day100% ≥ 1 × day
García-De-La-Fuente et al. [27], 20222 × day2 × day
5.8% none1.9% none
22.1% 1 × day17% 1 × day
26% 2 × day31.1% 2 × day
46.20% > 2 × day50% > 2 × day
Lyra et al. [30], 202032.1% 1 × dayN/A
67.9% ≥ 2 × dayN/A
Pradeep et al. [31], 201576% > 1 × day76% > 1 × day
Rozas et al. [34], 202160% ≥ 2 × day73% ≥ 2 × day
Verhoeff et al. [36], 202272.7% ≥ 2 × dayN/A
Brushing methodsBarbe et al. [23], 201743% electric toothbrushN/A
García-De-La-Fuente et al. [27], 20224% electric toothbrush7.6% electric toothbrush
Lyra et al. [30], 202025% electric toothbrushN/A
van Stiphout et al. [35], 201848.6% electric toothbrush40.5% electric toothbrush
Verhoeff et al. [36], 202278% electric toothbrushN/A
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N/A: not applicable. Frequency of brushing is reported in percentage (%) of participants for each group brushing teeth 1, 2 or 3 times × day, or only in number of times × day for each group; type of device is reported in percentage (%) of participants for each group