Exploration of Medicine

Table 2

Significant correlates yielded by the mixed-effects regression analysis

Variables		Reference level	OR^*	95% CI	P-value
Age		Per 1-year increase	0.98	0.97–0.99	< 0.001
Sex		Female vs. male	0.78	0.65–0.95	< 0.001
Marital status		Currently/previously married vs. never married	0.67	0.52–0.87	0.003
Education	High school	vs. less than high school	0.44	0.36–0.55	< 0.001
	Non-bachelor certificate		0.34	0.26–0.44	< 0.001
	Bachelor’s degree or above		0.23	0.15–0.36	< 0.001
Currently working		Yes vs. no	0.72	0.60–0.87	0.001
Living with children		Yes vs. no	1.27	1.03–1.56	0.02
Vaping allowed at home		Yes vs. no	1.70	1.37–2.10	< 0.001
Type of cigarette smoker	Former smoker	vs. never smoked	1.47	1.20–1.78	< 0.001
Type of cigarette smoker	Current smoker	vs. never smoked	0.78	0.55–1.10	0.15
Using nicotine in last vape	Yes	vs. no	1.52	1.24–1.85	< 0.001
Using nicotine in last vape	Unsure	vs. no	0.40	0.27–0.60	< 0.001
Reasons of vaping	Affordable	Yes vs. no	2.52	1.96–3.25	< 0.001
	Allowed at home		2.48	1.97–3.11	< 0.001
	Less harmful than smoking to oneself		2.74	2.25–3.32	< 0.001
	Less harmful than smoking to others		2.61	2.15–3.17	< 0.001
	Attraction to flavors		3.26	2.68–3.97	< 0.001
	Help to quit smoking		2.25	1.84–2.74	< 0.001
	Don’t smell		2.34	1.87–2.92	< 0.001
	Similar to smoking		1.66	1.26–2.20	< 0.001
	Acceptable to non-smokers		2.35	1.93–2.86	< 0.001
	Curious		0.47	0.38–0.57	< 0.001
	Others		1.50	1.15–1.96	0.003
Usual place to get e-cigarettes		Purchase by oneself vs. buy/borrow from family/friends	2.40	1.98–2.90	< 0.001
Type of cannabis user	Current user	vs. never tried cannabis	1.20	0.96–1.50	0.11
Type of cannabis user	Former user	vs. never tried cannabis	0.59	0.44–0.78	0.001
Type of alcohol drinker	Current light drinker	vs. lifetime abstainer and former drinker	0.85	0.65–1.12	0.25
Type of alcohol drinker	Current heavy drinker	vs. lifetime abstainer and former drinker	1.36	1.02–1.80	0.04
Ever tried chewing tobacco		Yes vs. no	1.45	1.17–1.80	< 0.001
Recreational use of pain medications		Yes vs. no	1.54	1.04–2.28	0.03
Recreational use of stimulants		Yes vs. no	2.79	1.61–4.84	< 0.001
Perceived risks of vaping	Occasionally	Moderate/great risk vs. no/slight risk	0.57	0.46–0.70	< 0.001
	Regularly		0.52	0.43–0.62	< 0.001
	During pregnancy		0.65	0.51–0.81	< 0.001

Return to article view

The mixed-effects models used province of residence as a random intercept; OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval