| Genetic and metabolic causes | Toxics and drugs | Nutritional/GI and hepatic causes |
|---|---|---|
| Urea cycle disorders | Ethanol | Celiac disease |
| Hereditary fructose intolerance/galactosemia/tyrosinemia | Ecstasy | Inflammatory bowel disease |
| Glycogenosis I and VI and IX | Nifedipine | Intestinal failure |
| Bile acids synthesis defects | Diltiazem | Dysbiosis |
| Citrin deficiency | Cocaine | Viral hepatitis (HCV and HBV) |
| Cystic fibrosis | Solvents | Autoimmune hepatitis |
| Schwachman-Diamond syndrome | Pesticides | Kwashiorkor/malnutrition |
| Wilson’s disease | Glucocorticoids | Anorexia nervosa |
| Lipid storage diseaseNiemann-Pick disease type C | Estrogens | Rapid weight loss |
| Abeta/hypobetalipoproteinemia | Sodium valproate | Parenteral nutrition |
| Mitochondrial, fatty acids | Methotrexate | Obesity |
| ER function (e.g., CDG) or protein metabolism disorders | Amiodarone | PCOS |
| Alpha 1-AT deficiency | Tetracycline | OSAS |
| NBAS | L-asparaginase | Endocrine causes |
| Turner syndrome | Aspirin | Hypothyroidism |
| Lipodystrophies | Antipsychotics | Hypothalamic-pituitary disorders |
| Porphyria cutanea tarda | Antidepressants | Diabetes mellitus type 1 (Mauriac syndrome) |
| Familial hyperlipoproteinemia | Antiretroviral drugs | Sepsis |
| Porto-systemic shunt | Vitamin E | Others |
| Some myopathic disorders |
MCADD, LCHAD, VLCHAD, MADD; *mitochondria and other organelle dysfunction leading to the accumulation of fat droplets, and peroxisomal defects, frequently microvacuolar; Alpha 1-AT: alpha 1-antitrypsin; CDG: congenital disorders of glycosylation; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; NBAS: neuroblastoma amplified sequence; OSAS: obstructive sleep apnea syndrome; PCOS: polycystic ovarian syndrome; MCADD: medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency; LCHAD: long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase; VLCHAD: very long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase; MADD: multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency