Cardiac dysfunction, cardiac remodeling and alterations in protein content of phospho- ERK1, ERK2 and ELK1 in rats following the induction of heart failure by VO with or without ENP and LOS treatment for 16 weeks
| Parameters | Control | VO | VO + ENP | VO + LOS |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Cardiac remodeling | ||||
| Heart wt (mg) | 1364 ± 41 | 2209 ± 117 | 1671 ± 97 | 1526 ± 105 |
| LV wt (mg) | 1067 ± 29 | 1640 ± 142 | 1217 ± 61 | 1119 ± 66 |
| RV wt (mg) | 300 ± 13 | 554 ± 42 | 462 ± 25 | 394 ± 36 |
| HW/BW ratio (mg/g) | 2.23 ± 0.13 | 3.37 ± 0.14 | 2.68 ± 0.14 | 2.47 ± 0.17 |
| B. Phospho-ERK1 and phospho-ERK2 content as well as ERK1/ERK2 activity | ||||
| Phospho-ERK1 (% of control) | 100 | 552 ± 81 | 309 ± 40 | 127 ± 40 |
| Phospho-ERK2 (% of control) | 100 | 572 ± 52 | 312 ± 26 | 131 ± 30 |
| Phospho-ELK1 (% of control) | 100 | 777 ± 28 | 144 ± 21 | 87 ± 28 |
| C. Cardiac function | ||||
| LVSP (mm Hg) | 115 ± 5 | 85 ± 2 | 91 ± 6 | 93 ± 7 |
| LVEDP (mm Hg) | 5.2 ± 1.4 | 28.0 ± 1.9 | 18.6 ± 1.5 | 13.8 ± 0.6 |
| + dP/dt (mm Hg/sec) | 10,000 ± 429 | 4752 ± 240 | 6995 ± 364 | 7989 ± 88 |
| − dP/dt (mm Hg/sec) | 10,208 ± 511 | 4724 ± 259 | 7638 ± 380 | 8068 ± 409 |
Values are mean ± SE of 8 hearts in each group. VO: volume overload; LV wt: left ventricular weight; RV wt: right ventricular wt; BW: body weight; HW: heart weight. Data are based on the analysis of the information in Table 2 and Figures 3, 4 and 5 in our paper Zhang et al. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther. 2010;15:84–92 [168]. *P < 0.05 compared with control; †P < 0.05 compared with VO group