Summary of the included studies, protocol/machine used, and standard reference
| Study | b-value | MRI protocol and machine | Reference standard |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vandecaveye et al. [28] | b0–1000 | 1.5Tesla (T) MRI TSE (T1,T2) + DW sequences | Histopathology |
| Dirix et al. [29] | b0–1000 | MRI (T1,T2 + DW sequences) | Histopathology |
| Perrone et al. [32] | b500–1000 | 1.5T; FSE T1, T2 sequences | Histopathology |
| Nakamatsu et al. [30] | b0–1000 | 1.5T MRI SSEP; DW sequences | Histopathology |
| Taha Ali [16] | b0–1000 | 1.5T MRI T1, T2-weighted sequences | Histopathology |
| Lee et al. [12] | b0–1000 | 3T MRI TSE (T1,T2) + DWI sequences | Histopathology |
| Hauser et al. [36] | b0–800 | 3T MRI, DW sequences | Mixed or unclear |
| Heusch et al. [33] | b500–1000 | 3T MRI, STIR TSE; T1-weighted TSE sequence + DWI sequences | Histopathology |
| Hoang et al. [41] | b250–1000 | 1.5T MRI STIR T1-weighted + DWI sequences | Clinical |
| Chen et al. [37] | b0–800 | 3T MRI DWI STIR technique | Clinical |
| Schouten et al. [34] | b500–1000 | 1.5T MRI STIR T1-weighted + DWI sequences | Histopathology |
| Stecco et al. [38] | b0–800 | 1.5T MRI STIR T1-weighted + DWI sequences | Mixed clinical and histop |
| Jin et al. [39] | b0–800 | 1.5T MRI TSE(T1,T2) + DWI sequences | Histopathology |
| Park et al. [31] | b0–1000 | 3T MRI TSE(T1,T2) + DWI sequences | Clinical |
| Freihat et al. [40] | b0–800 | 3T MRI TSE(T1,T2) + DWI sequences | Histopathology |
| Abdel Razek et al. [24] | b500–1000 | 1.5T MRI T1, T2 + DWI sequences | Histopathology |
| Anjari et al. [42] | b0–1500 | 1.5T MRI T1, T2 + DWI sequences | Mixed or unclear |
| Connor et al. [43] | b0–1500 | 1.5T MRI STIR T1, T2 + DWI sequences | Histopathology |
TSE: turbo spin echo; FSE: fast spin echo; STIR: short tau inversion recovery; SSEP: somatosensory evoked potentials; DW: diffusion weighted