Details of the anticancer efficacy of BD in several human malignancies using in vivo models
| Cancer type | Model used | Dose | Duration | Measurement frequency | Route of administration | Observed effects | Mode of action | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NSCLC | A549 cells in BALB/c-nu mice | 40 mg/kg/day | 15 days | Every 2 days | Intraperitoneal injection | ↓Tumour growth | ↑pJNK, ↑caspase 9 ↑Apoptosis; ↑LC3-II, ↑Autophagy | [28] |
| Osteosarcoma | MNNG/HOS cells in BALC/c-nu mice | 2.5 mg/kg/2 days; 5.0 mg/kg/2 days | 12 days | Every 2 days | Intraperitoneal injection | ↓Tumour size↓Tumour weight | ↓pSTAT3, ↓MMP2 and MMP9, ↓Ki67 | [47] |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | Huh7 cells in BALC/c-nu mice | 0.75 mg/kg/day; 1.5 mg/kg/day | 10 days | Daily | Intravenous tail vein injection | ↓Tumour growth | ↑Proteasome, ↓Total β-catenin, ↓Active β-catenin, ↓JAG1, ↓NICD, ↑Apoptosis | [45] |
MMP2: matrix metalloproteinase-2 (gelatinase A); MMP9: matrix metallopeptidase 9 (gelatinase B)