From:  Anticancer of genus Syzygium: a systematic review

Biological evaluation of some members of genus Syzygium against several cancer cell lines

NSpecies nameParts of the plantSolventsConcentrationType of cancerMajor findingReference
1Syzygium alternifolium (Wight) Walp.LeavesHexane, methanol10, 25, 50, and 100 μg/mLBreast, prostateThe human cancer cell lines MCF-7 and DU-145 had IC50 values of 8.177 μg/mL and 2.687 μg/mL for leaf hexane extract, respectively.[88]
2Syzygium calophyllifolium (Wight) Walp.BarkMethanol5, 10, and 20 μgBreastWhen compared to the control, MCF-7 cells cultured with SCBM extract for 24 h lost their original shape at increasing concentrations. Membrane damage, cell rounding, and cell separation from the culture plates were all telltale markers of cell death. At the smallest dose, however, these effects were not observed.[89]
LeavesEthyl acetate1:1 to 1:64Monolayer cultureAs sample concentration increases, cell viability declines. When the extract was concentrated, further, 88.53% of the cell lines died.[12]
3Syzygium anisatum (Vickery) Craven & Biffin--0–2.0 mg/mLGlandular, fibroblast, bladder, liverCaused a 25%–50% death rate in HepG2 hepatocellular cancer cells. Colon cancer cells (HT-29; IC50 = 0.75–1.39 mg/mL), stomach cancer cells (AGS; IC50 = 0.59–1.88 mg/mL), bladder cancer cells (BL13; IC50 = 0.56–1.12 mg/mL), and liver cancer cells (HepG2; IC50 = 0.38–1.36 mg/mL) all had their proliferation inhibited by the extracts. Non-transformed colon cells (CCD-18Co; IC50 > 2.0 mg/mL) and stomach/intestine cells (Hs 738. St/Int; IC50 > 2.0 mg/mL) showed no discernible loss of viability.[90]
4Syzygium austral (J.C.Wendl. ex Link) B.HylandFruitMethanol, aqueous, ethyl acetate30 μLColon, cervicalAgainst CaCo2 and HeLa cells, the aqueous extracts showed the greatest activity, with IC50 values of 27 μg/mL and 172 μg/mL.[91]
5Syzygium myrtifolium Walp.LeavesEssential oil6.25, 12.5, 50, and 100 μg/mLColorectal, ovaryThe IC50 values for the essential oil were 59.9 μg/mL and 47.5 μg/mL for the HCT-116 and human ovarian teratocarcinoma cells (Pa-1) cell lines, respectively.[13]
6Syzygium jambos (L.) AlstonLeavesMethanol15 μg/mL (pure compound), 25 μg/mLLiverThe research confirmed the extract acted on a cellular level positively affecting the apoptotic cell cycle pathway via Bcl-2 and Bax gene expression.[92]
7Syzygium paniculatum DC.FruitsEthanol100, 200, and 400 μg/mLPancreatic cancer cells (MiaPaCa-2)Compared to the chemotherapy drug gemcitabine, the extract (200 μg/mL) dramatically decreased the vitality of MiaPaCa-2 and ASPC-1 pancreatic cancer cells.[93]
8Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L.M.PerryFruitsMethanol, aqueous-Lung, kidneyIn the doses used, the extract’s effects on the two cell lines were not statistically significant.[81]
9Syzygium mundagam (Bourd.) ChithraBarkMethanol-BreastReduced ATP levels (47.96%) and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels (40.96%) in MCF-7 cells were indicative of solitary metachronous bone metastasis (SMBM)-induced toxicity.[94]
10Syzygium zeylanicum (L.) DC.LeavesMethanol--Both 1:250 and 1:125 had the highest cell viability rates.[95]
11Syzygium coriaceum Bosser & J.GuéhoLeavesAqueous methanol (80%, v/v)--And at 40 μg/mL, Syzygium coriaceum caused an 88.1% (P < 0.0001) decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, a 5.7% (P < 0.0001) increase in the number of the cell population in G0/G1, and an increased (P < 0.0001) proportion of cells experiencing apoptotic/necrotic cell death.[96]
LeavesAqueous methanol (80%, v/v)10 μg/mL and 100 μg/mLLung carcinoma, liposarm hepatocellular carcinomaDose-dependent elevation of ROS was observed after extract treatment in HepG2 cells, with a 4.4-fold rise at 100 mg/mL (P < 0.0001). The dose-dependent reduction in antioxidant enzyme activity mirrored the increase in ROS concentration. At 40 μg/mL (P < 0.0001), glutathione peroxidase activity dropped by 80.5%.[97]
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