| AGE-modified proteins/DNA | Annexin II Apolipoprotein B100 N2-(1-carboxyethyl)-2’-deoxyguanosine (CEdG)-DNA adducts Collagen type IV Crystallin DNA- and RNA-binding proteins DNA-histone crosslinks Fibrinogen Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) HDL Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C) Heat shock proteins (HSPs) Human serum albumin (HSA) Histone proteins (H1, H2A and H2B) Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) Prohibitin Transcription factors Splicing factors
| [15–21] |
| Low molecular structures produced during glycation | Argpyrimidine Fructosylysine Imidazole Methylglyoxal (MG) lysine dimer Nε carboxy-methyl lysine (CML) Nε carboxy-ethyl lysine (CEL) Nδ-(5-hydro-5-methyl-4-imidazolon-2-yl)-ornithine (MG-H1) Pyrraline Pentosidine
| [16, 19, 22, 23] |
| Unspecified structures formed by alterations with certain glycating agents | Acetaldehyde-derived AGEs Glucose-derived AGEs Glyceraldehyde-derived AGEs Glycoaldehyde-derived AGEs Glyoxal-derived AGEs MG-derived AGEs 3-Deoxyglucosone-derived AGEs
| [19, 24–26] |