From:  Biomarkers in renal cell carcinoma and their targeted therapies: a review

Diagnostic and prognostic lncRNA biomarkers of RCC

lncRNA biomarkerExpression in RCC patients Role in RCCReference
MEG3Down-regulationMEG3 acts as a lncRNA tumor suppressor in various tumors through interaction with p53[80]
EGOTDown-regulation EGOT acts as a tumor suppressor in RCC and affects RCC cell migration, invasion, and apoptosis[81]
MALAT1Up-regulation

MALAT1 overexpression enhances RCC cell proliferation, invasion and decreases cell apoptosis

Increased MALAT1 expression predicted poor survival in RCC patients

[77]
CRNDEUp-regulationCRNDE-enhanced ccRCC cell migration and invasion through modulating EMT-associated genes[33]
LINC01510Down-regulationLINC01510 when normally expressed suppresses cell proliferation by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling[82]
ZNF-180-2Up-regulation

ZNF-180-2 may regulate RNA splicing through RNA-protein interaction

ZNF-180-2 allows the identification of patients with poor prognosis

[83]
PVT1Up-regulation

PVT1 affects apoptosis through Mcl-1, involved in regulating cell death and comprising both pro- and antiapoptotic factor

PVT1 is a good marker of worse prognosis and shorter survival of patients with higher PVT1 levels

[84]
TCL6Down-regulationThe miR-155-5p targeted down-regulation of TCL6 involved activation of Src-Akt-induced EMT which is related to ccRCC progression and metastasis[75]
DLEU2Up-regulation

Stimulates tumor cell proliferation via modulating the Notch signalling pathway, or through regulation of EMT

Abnormal expression of DLEU2 is associated with copy number variations and DNA methylation

[75]
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MEG3: maternally expressed 3; EGOT: eosinophil granule ontogeny transcript; CRNDE: colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed; EMT: epithelial-mesenchymal transition; Mcl-1: myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein 1; PVT1: plasmacytoma variant translocation 1; TCL6: tcellleukemia/lymphoma 6; DLEU2: deleted in lymphocytic leukemia 2