From:  Therapeutic significance of tumor microenvironment in cholangiocarcinoma: focus on tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes

Potential novel therapeutic approaches based on TILs in the management of CCA

Tumor typeExperimental methodsTreatmentResultReferences
ICCAAnimal modelchemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9)The disruption of natural killer (NK) cell recruitment into the tumor results in an increased tumor burden[1]
ICCAAnimal modelDNA vaccination targeting CTLA-4/PDL1The implementation of DNA vaccination directed towards CTLA-4-PDL1 resulted in the inhibition of tumor growth[2]
ICCAAnimal modelCombined anti-CD40/PD1The growth of ICCA cells was inhibited, resulting in a longer survival in mice[3]
CCACell culture experimentGemcitabine combined with cytotoxic CTLsA synergistic effect that enhances the apoptosis of cancer cells[4]
CCACell culture experimentHonokiol plus DCs-based vaccineHonokiol plus DCs-based vaccine enhanced the killing effect of T lymphocytes[5]
CCACell culture experimentCytokine-activated killer (CAK) cells with cetuximabThe co-administration of CAK cells and cetuximab resulted in a substantial increase in cytotoxic activity[6]
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