Exploration of Targeted Anti-tumor Therapy

Table 1

Polarization and identification of macrophage, neutrophil, and MDSC subtypes

Cell type	Subtypes	Polarizing cytokines	Differentiating markers
Macrophages	M1	IFN-γ, TNF-α	CD80⁺, CD86⁺, iNOS⁺
Macrophages	M2	M-CSF, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-34	CD163⁺, CD206⁺, Arg1⁺
Neutrophils	N1	IFN-β	Expression of: CXCL9, CXCL10, TNF-α, IL-12, GM-CSF, iNOS
Neutrophils	N2	TGF-β, G-CSF	Expression of: VEGF, MMP9, Arg1
MDSCs	PMN-MDSCs	CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL5	Human: CD11b⁺, CD14^–, CD15⁺/CD66b⁺ Mouse: CD11b, Ly6C^low, Ly6G⁺
MDSCs	M-MDSCs	CCL-2	Human: CD11b⁺, CD14^–, CD15^–/CD66b^– Mouse: CD11b⁺, Ly6C^high, Ly6G^–