The clinical and characteristic features of the studied groups
| Characteristic features/clinicopathological parameters | Malignant (N = 50) | Benign (N = 50) | Control (N = 50) | P value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | (%) | Mean ± SE | No | (%) | Mean ± SE | No | (%) | Mean ± SE | ||
| Age | ||||||||||
| < 40 | 8 | 16% | 50.6 ± 1.5 | 33 | 66% | 33.9 ± 1.9 | 21 | 42% | 40.8 ± 0.93 | 0.076 |
| 40–60 | 34 | 68% | 15 | 30% | 29 | 58% | ||||
| > 60 | 8 | 16% | 2 | 4% | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Menstrual phase (in present) | ||||||||||
| Premenopausal | 29 | 58% | 48 | 96% | 33 | 66% | ||||
| Postmenopausal | 21 | 42% | 2 | 4% | 17 | 34% | ||||
| Marital status | ||||||||||
| Married | 34 | 68% | 29 | 58% | 32 | 64% | ||||
| Single | 10 | 20% | 20 | 40% | 17 | 34% | ||||
| Divorced | 3 | 6% | 1 | 2% | 1 | 2% | ||||
| Widowed | 3 | 6% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0% | ||||
| Lactation history | ||||||||||
| Lactating | 34 | 68% | 27 | 54% | 24 | 48% | ||||
| Non-lactating | 16 | 32% | 23 | 46% | 26 | 52% | ||||
| Family history of BC | ||||||||||
| Yes | 7 | 14% | 6 | 12% | 5 | 10% | ||||
| No | 43 | 86% | 44 | 88% | 45 | 90% | ||||
| Benign types | ||||||||||
| Fibro adenoma | 39 | 78% | ||||||||
| Others | 11 | 22% | ||||||||
| Side of complained | ||||||||||
| Right breast | 22 | 44% | 27 | 54% | ||||||
| Left breast | 28 | 56% | 17 | 34% | ||||||
| Both sides | 0 | 0 | 6 | 12% | ||||||
| Cancer types | ||||||||||
| Invasive ductal carcinoma | 47 | 94% | ||||||||
| Lobular carcinoma | 3 | 6% | ||||||||
| Cancer metastasis | ||||||||||
| Yes | 21 | 42% | ||||||||
| No | 29 | 58% | ||||||||
| LN involvement | ||||||||||
| Yes | 37 | 74% | ||||||||
| No | 13 | 26% | ||||||||
| Grade | ||||||||||
| Grade I | 6 | 12% | ||||||||
| Grade II | 31 | 62% | ||||||||
| Grade III | 11 | 22% | ||||||||
| Grade IV | 2 | 4% | ||||||||
| Mass | ||||||||||
| Yes | 48 | 96% | 41 | 82% | ||||||
| No | 2 | 4% | 9 | 18% | ||||||
| Discharge | ||||||||||
| Yes | 2 | 4% | 4 | 8% | ||||||
| No | 48 | 96% | 46 | 92% | ||||||
| Immunohistochemistry (IHC) | ||||||||||
| Estrogen receptors (ER) | 35 | 70% | ||||||||
| Progesterone receptors (PR) | 28 | 56% | ||||||||
| Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (Her2) | 14 | 28% | ||||||||
BC: breast cancer; SE: standard error