Overview of studies included in the systematic review for genito-urinary primaries
| Author, year | Study type | Primary | Patient | SRT | Systemic therapy | Non-target response | Criteria |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ishiyama et al. [65], 2012 | Case report | RCC | 61*, M | 18 Gy SRS and 40 Gy/8 fx SBRT to spinal metastases | None | PR on all mtxs treated at 2 months FUP, and in non-target other spine metastases; brain PD | Response outside RT field limited by blood-brain barrier |
| Xie et al. [66], 2017 | Case report | RCC | 54*, M | 32 Gy/4 fx to a paraortic N mass | Previous sunitinib, concomitant pembrolizumab | CR of all multiple mtxs 2.2 months after | Response outside RT field |
| Laplant et al. [67], 2017 | Case report | RCC | 24*, M | 18–27 Gy/3 fx dose-painting SBRT on sacral mass | 3 previous therapeutic lines. Concomitant dual checkpoint blockade (nivolumab and ipilimumab) started 2 weeks before RT, only nivolumab continued after and then stopped | After 1 month, PR on pelvic mass and PR of multiple lung and N mtxs. Progression-free 12 months after | Temporal |
| Dengina et al. [68], 2019 | Prospective multicentic | RCC | 1 out of 17 (6%) | 50 Gy/5 fx lung SBRT | Previous pazopanib and sorafenib, then everolimus with SD for 2.5 years | PR in all visible mtxs in the lungs and mediastinum, up to 50% | Response outside RT field |
| Margulis et al. [69], 2021 | Prospective monocentric | RCC | 1 out of 6 (17%) | Neoadj lung SBRT | NR | CR to lung treated metastasis (SBRT plus surgery) and also to non-treated multiple other lung metastases, with no PD at 36 months FUP | No concomitant systemic treatment |
| Zhang et al. [70], 2021 | Case report | RCC | 40*, F | 30 Gy/6 fx SBRT for retroperitoneal N2nd course 30 Gy/5 fx SBRT for pelvic mass under PD | Previous sunitinib ×20, concomitant pembrolizumab plus axitinib | PR on all metastases 2 months after each SBRT. PD at 7 months FUP after the second SBRT for tumor PD and multiple organs failure | PD under IT |
| Feinaj et al. [71], 2024 | Case report | RCC | 65*, M | - | Multiple lines of CHT and IT. Concomitant pembrolizumab plus lenvatinib | CR at 2 months of multiple skin. Lung, N sites | Response outside RT field |
| Kono et al. [72], 2023 | Case report | Bladder | 60*, F | 52 Gy/8 fx lung SBRT | Previous TURB twice, BCG twice, CHT gemcitabine and cicplatin ×2, neoadj and concomitant pembrolizumab | 2 months after, CR of the BMs for which SRS was planned | Response outside RT field |
| Higa et al. [73], 2020 | Retrospective monocentric | Prostate | 0 out 10 (0%) | NR | Pembrolizumab | None | Response outside RT field |
* Age at time of SRT. SRS: stereotactic radiosurgery; fx: fraction(s); SBRT: stereotactic body radiotherapy; PD: progression disease; NR: not reported; RT: radiation treatment; SD: stable disease; CHT: chemotherapy; IT: immunotherapy; PR: partial response; mtxs: metastases; FUP: follow-up; CR: complete response; RCC: renal cell carcinoma; F: female; M: male; N: node/nodal; SRT: stereotactic radiation techniques; TURB: trans urethral resection of bladder; BCG: Bacillus Calmette-Guerin; neoadj: neoadjuvant