From:  Unmasking the potential: mechanisms of neuroinflammatory modulation by oncolytic viruses in glioblastoma
 

Key RNA OVs of interest in combination with immunotherapies in early clinical development

OVVSV-IFN-β-NISVSV-GP128VSV-GPMG1CVA21Pelareorep (formerly Reolysin®)
Virus typeVSVVSVVSVMaraba virusPicornavirus (coxsackievirus)Reovirus
Combination immuno-therapies

  • Avelumab

  • Pembrolizumab

  • Ruxolitinib

  • Cemiplimab

Anti-PD-1Ezabenlimab

  • Pembrolizumab

  • Atezolizumab

  • Pembrolizumab

  • Ipilimumab

  • Avelumab

  • Bevacizumab

  • Bortezomib

  • Carfilzomib

  • Nivolumab

  • Pembrolizumab

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Avelumab: an anti-PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitor; pembrolizumab: an anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor; ruxolitinib: a Janus kinase 1/2 inhibitor; cemiplimab: an anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor; ezabenlimab: an anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor; atezolizumab: an anti-PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitor; ipilimumab: an anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 immune checkpoint inhibitor; bevacizumab: a vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor (anti-angiogenic therapy); bortezomib: a proteasome inhibitor used in cancer treatment; carfilzomib: a second-generation proteasome inhibitor; nivolumab: an anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor. CVA21: coxsackievirus A21; GP: glycoprotein; IFN-β: interferon-beta; NIS: sodium iodide symporter; OVs: oncolytic viruses; PD-1: programmed cell death-1; PD-L1: programmed cell death-ligand 1; VSV: vesicular stomatitis virus