Inhibitors of the Fanconi anaemia pathway
Target | Broad /specific | Mechanism of action | Synergy with chemotherapy | Direct Binding shown | ICL inhibition demonstrated | Cancer type investigated | Part of pathway inhibited | Reference | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Curcumin | Unknown | Broad | Proteasome and kinase inhibitor | Cisplatin, not paclitaxol | No | FANCD2 monoubiquitylation and foci | Ovarian | FANCD2/I activation | [147] |
Wortmannin | Unknown | Broad | Kinase inhibitor | No | No | FANCD2 monoubiquitylation and foci | Ovarian | FANCD2/I activation | [72, 146] |
H-9 | Unknown | Broad | Kinase inhibitor | No | No | FANCD2 monoubiquitylation and foci | Ovarian | FANCD2/I activation | [72, 147] |
Alsterpaullone | Unknown | Broad | Kinase inhibitor | No | No | FANCD2 monoubiquitylation and foci | Ovarian | FANCD2/I activation | [72, 147] |
DDN | Unknown | Broad | Unknown | Cisplatin | No | FANCD2 monoubiquitylation and foci | Ovarian | FANCD2/I activation | [149] |
Bortezomib | Unknown | Broad | Proteasome inhibitor | Cisplatin | No | FANCD2 monoubiquitylation and foci, RAD51 foci | Ovarian | FANCD2/I activation | [72] |
17-AAG | Unknown | Broad | HSP90 inhibitor | Cisplatin | No | FANCD2 monoubiquitylation and foci, RAD51 foci | Ovarian | FANCD2/I activation | [72] |
CA-074-Me | Unknown | Broad | CathepsinB inhibitor | Cisplatin | No | FANCD2 monoubiquitylation and foci, RAD51 foci | Ovarian | FANCD2/I activation | [72] |
Compound 7012246 | Unknown | Broad | Unknown | Cisplatin | No | FANCD2 monoubiquitylation and foci, RAD51 foci | Ovarian | FANCD2/I activation | [72] |
Compound 5373662 | Unknown | Broad | Unknown | Cisplatin | No | FANCD2 monoubiquitylation and foci, RAD51 foci | Ovarian | FANCD2/I activation | [72] |
Gö6976 | Unknown | Broad | PKC, CHK1 inhibitor | Cisplatin | No | FANCD2 foci, RAD51 foci | Ovarian | FANCD2/I activation | [72] |
SB218078 | Unknown | Broad | CHK1, CDC2, PKC inhibitor | Cisplatin | No | FANCD2 foci, RAD51 foci | Ovarian | FANCD2/I activation | [72] |
UCN-01 | Unknown | Broad | PKC, CHK1, CDK, AKT inhibitor | Cisplatin | No | FANCD2 monoubiquitylation and foci, RAD51 foci | Ovarian | FANCD2/I activation | [72] |
Geldanamycin | Unknown | Broad | HSP90 inhibitor | Cisplatin | No | FANCD2 monoubiquitylation and foci, RAD51 foci | Ovarian | FANCD2/I activation | [72] |
Chloroquine | Unknown | Broad | Lysosome and drug pump inhibition | Cisplatin | No | FANCD2 foci, RAD51 foci | Ovarian | FANCD2/I activation | [72] |
Puromycin | Unknown | Broad | Protein Synthesis inhibitor | Cisplatin | No | FANCD2 monoubiquitylation and foci, RAD51 foci | Ovarian | FANCD2/I activation | [72] |
EF24/4H-TTD | IKK | Broad | IKK inhibitor | MMC | No | FANCD2 monoubiquitylation and foci | Cervical | FANCD2/I activation | [148] |
Ouabain | p38 kinase | Broad | Inhibitor of MMC induced S-phase arrest | MMC | No | FANCD2 monoubiquitylation and foci, FANCD2/FANCI mRNA | Osteosarcoma | FANCD2/I activation | [150] |
MLN4924 | NAE1 | Specific | Proteasome inhibitor | MMC | No | FANCD2 monoubiquitylation and foci | Ovarian, cervical | FANCD2/I activation | [151] |
PIP-199 | RMI/FANCM | Specific | Inhibition of protein-protein interaction | Unknown | Yes | None | None | FANCD2/I activation | [152] |
CU2 | UBE2T/FANCL | Specific | Inhibition of FANCD2 monoubiquitylation by FANCL | Carboplatin | No | FANCD2 monoubiquitylation and foci | Osteosarcoma | FANCD2/I activation | [88] |
E-X PPI2 | ERRC1/XPF | Specific | Inhibition of protein-protein interaction | Cisplatin | Yes | None—NER focus | Melanoma, ovarian | Unhooking | [153] |
E-X AS5-4 | ERRC1/XPF | Specific | Active site inhibitor | Cisplatin | Yes | None—NER focus | Melanoma | Unhooking | [153] |
E-X AS5-7 | ERRC1/XPF | Specific | Active site inhibitor | Cisplatin | No | None—NER focus | Melanoma | Unhooking | [153] |
Compound 13 | ERRC1/XPF | Specific | Active site inhibitor | Cisplatin | Yes | None—NER focus | Melanoma | Unhooking | [154] |
Compound 7 | REV7/REV3L | Specific | Inhibition of protein-protein interaction | Cisplatin | Yes | None | Cervical | TLS | [155] |
Halenaquinone | RAD51 | Specific | Inhibition of RAD51-dsDNA interaction | Unknown | Yes | RAD51 homologous pairing | None | HR | [156] |
IBR2 | RAD51 | Specific | RAD51 degradation by proteasome | Imatinib | Yes | RAD51 foci, HR | Chronic myeloid leukaemia | HR | [157] |
B02 | RAD51 | Specific | Inhibition of RAD51-DNA interaction | Cisplatin (also in vivo) | Yes | RAD51 foci | Breast | HR | [158, 159] |
RI-1 | RAD51 | Specific | Destabilization of RAD51 oligomerization | MMC | Yes | RAD51 foci | Breast, cervical, osteosarcoma | HR | [160] |