Selected miRNAs in bladder cancer
| miRNAs | Biological role | Clinical significance | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| miR-21 | Apoptosis and participation in the mesenchymal transition | Diagnosis of the disease and prognosis for its development | [40] |
| miR-96miR-183 | Supporting cell growth, participating in their migration and apoptosis | Diagnosis of the disease and prognosis for its development | [42] |
| miR-29a-3p | Playing an extremely important role in maintaining a proper methylation profile | Stratification into high and low risk groups—its presence indicates a good prognosis | [43] |
| miR-124 | Participation in both migration and invasion processes | Diagnosis of the disease and prediction of the response to a given therapy | [44] |
| miR-940 | It may affect the proliferation, migration, and invasion of cells | Regulation of signaling pathways, such as Wnt/β-catenin, and target genes, such as INPP4A and GSK3β | [45] |
| miR-23b | Extremely important in the transition between epithelium and mesenchyme | Therapeutic purpose | [46] |
| miR-205 | Participation in apoptosis processes and the cell cycle, important in invasion processes, very important role in the transition between epithelium and mesenchyme | It is a therapeutic target, but it also plays a significant role in the prognosis of the disease | [47] |
| miR-214 | Very important in inhibiting the processes of migration, invasion and proliferation | Diagnosis of the disease and prognosis for its development | [48] |
| miR-590-3p | It plays an important role in the process of carcinogenesis | It is an important goal in therapy | [49] |
| miR-126 | It plays a key role in the regulation of blood vessels and angiogenesis, influencing endothelial cell migration and adhesion. It also acts as a tumor suppressor, inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and invasion | It is a promising biomarker of bladder cancer, enabling detection of the disease in urine samples. Due to its high specificity and sensitivity, it can be used in non-invasive diagnostic tests | [40] |
| miR-141-3p | It acts as a regulator of oncogenic pathways, controlling processes related to cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration | It is a promising biomarker for cancer diagnosis and for distinguishing malignant from benign lesions | [41] |
| miR-143 | It has emerged as potential diagnostic biomarker | Ununified screening protocols for miR-143 hinder the verification of its actual diagnostic value | [50] |
miRNA: microRNA