Summary of current and emerging molecular biomarkers associated with targeted therapies
| Biomarker | Agents | Status |
|---|---|---|
| KRAS/NRAS | Cetuximab, Panitumumab (negative predictive biomarker) | Approved EMA and FDA |
| BRAF | ||
| V600E | Encorafenib + Binimetinib + Cetuximab [57] | Approved FDA |
| nonV600E | MEK ± BRAF ± EGFR inhibitors | Experimental |
| MSI | Pembrolizumab [66, 67]; Nivolumab [68] | Approved FDA |
| HER2 | Trastuzumab + Pertuzumab [84]; Lapatinib + Trastuzumab [85] | Experimental |
| NTRK | Larotrectinib, Entrectinib | Approved EMA (Larotrectinib) and FDA (Larotrectinib, Entrectinib) |
| NF1 | MEK ± BRAF ± EGFR inhibitors | Experimental |